四川唐松草屬三新種

王文采

(中國科學院植物研究所系統與進化植物學國家重點實驗室，北京 100093)

同事朱相云、張樹仁、楊永諸先生帶領他們的學生于2018年春至秋季到四川橫斷山區的康定、瀘定和九龍3個縣，考察那里豐富、復雜的植物區系，采集了大量植物標本。最近，我在鑒定其中毛茛科植物標本的過程中，發現上述3個縣各有一唐松草屬新種，下面予以描述。

康定唐松草 圖1

圖1 康定唐松草 A.上部莖生葉和腋生聚傘圓錐花序；B.萼片；C.二雄蕊；D.心皮Fig.1 Thalictrum kangdingense 1.Upper cauline leaf and axillary thyrse; B.Sepal; C.Two stamens; D.Carpel(from holotype)

ThalictrumkangdingenseW.T.Wang, sp. nov.Fig.1

(Sect.LeptostigmaB. Boivin)

Ob herbam totam glabram, staminum filamenta tenuiter clavata et carpellorum stylos uncinatos species nova haec est affinisT.xinningensiW.T.Wang, a quo foliolis conspicue 3-lobatis, thyrsis minoribus ca. 3.5 cm longis, sepalis anguste obovatis apice acutis, flore staminibus ca. 11 praedito differt. InT.xinningensi, foliola indivisa vel inconspicue 3-lobulata, thyrsi majores 6-10 cm longi, sepala anguste elliptica apice obtusa, et flos staminibus ca. 30 praeditus est.

Herbs perennial, ca, 1.2 m tall, totally glabrous. Stems above branched. Upper cauline leaves 2-3-ternate, shortly petiolate; blades broadly ovate, 6.0-8.0 cm long, 6.0-10 cm broad; leaflets petiolulate, papery, broad-rhombic, broad-ovate, ovate or obovate, 1.5-3.0 cm long, 1.2-3.2 cm broad, at base rounded or truncate, 3-lobed, central lobe obtusely 3-lobulate or 3-dentate, lateral lobes broad-ovate, below 1-lobulate or undivided; nerves adaxially nearly flat, abaxially slightly prominent; petiolules 0.1-1.8 cm long; petioles 0.5-2.5 cm long. Thyrses terminal and axillary, ca. 3.5 cm long, 8.0-15-flowered; peduncles slender, 4.0-11.5 cm long; lower bracts 3-sect or 3-lobed, 5.0-7.0 mm long, upper bracts undivided, linear or subulate, 0.8-1.5 mm long; pedicels filiform, 1.5-10 mm long. Flower: Spals 3, narrow-obovate, 2.0-2.2 mm long, 1 mm broad, apex shortly acuminate; each sepal with 3 basal nerves(midrib once dichotomizing, and 2 lateral nerves simple). Stamens ca. 11; filaments 4.0-4.5 mm long, above oblanceolate-linear, narrower than anther, below filiform; anthers oblong, 1.0-1.2 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, apex obtuse. Carpels 4.0-6.0; ovaries ellipsoid, ca. 2.5 mm long, 1.2 mm broad; styles ca. 1.5 mm long, above hooked.

四川(Sichuan)：康定縣，巴王海(Kangding Xian,Bawanghai),alt. 3 137 m,林下(in forest)，2018-07-17,朱相云，蔣勇，祖奎玲，張若鵬(X.Y.Zhu,Y.Jiang,K.L.Zu & R.P.Zhang) GG226(holotype,PE,02293701)。

本種植株全部無毛，雄蕊花絲細棒狀，心皮花柱鉤狀彎曲，因此與具上述形態特征的新寧唐松草(T.xinningenseW.T.Wang)在親緣關系上相近，與后者的區別在于本種的小葉明顯3淺裂，聚傘圓錐花序較小，長3.5 cm，萼片狹倒卵形，頂端急尖，花具約11枚雄蕊。在新寧唐松草，小葉不分裂或不明顯3微裂，聚傘圓錐花序較大，長6.0～10 cm，萼片狹橢圓形，頂端鈍，花具約30枚雄蕊[1]。

細莖唐松草 圖2

圖2 細莖唐松草 A.植株全形；B.萼片；C.雄蕊；D.心皮Fig.2 Thalictrum tenuicaule A.Habit; B.Sepal; C.Stamen; D.Carpel(from holotype)

ThalictrumtenuicauleW.T.Wang, sp. nov. Fig.2

[Sect.Rutifolia(Prantl) W.T.Wang]

Habitu species nova haec est simillimaT.jilongensiW.T.Wang, a quo monochasiis tantum 2.0-4.0-floris, sepali nervis basalibus tribus omnibus semel dichotomo-ramificantibus, antheris apice mucronatis, ovariis utrinque longitudinaliter 1-nervibus, stigmatibus haud alatis distinguitur. InT.jilongensi, monochasia 10-flora, sepali nervi basales tres omnes simplices, antherae apice haud mucronatae, ovaria nervis carentia, stigmata utrinque anguste alata sunt.

Herbs perennial, ca. 65 cm tall, totally glabrous. Stems slender, above base 2 mm across, simple, ca. 4-leaved. Basal leaf 1, with lowermost cauline leaf 3-ternate and long petiolate; blades 4.0-6.0 cm long, below 5.0-7.0 cm broad; leaflets thinly papery, obovate, broad-rhombic or broad-elliptic, 0.6-1.2 cm long, 0.5-1 cm broad, at base rounded or broadly cuneate, 2.0-3.0-lobulate, 2.0-3.0-lobed or 2-3-dentate, with flat inconspicuous nerves; petiolules 0.5-5.0 mm long; petioles 4.0-5.5 cm long. Monochasia terminal, 2-10 cm long, 2-4-flowered; bracts similar to upper cauline leaves, 0.7-2 cm long; pedicels filiform, 0.8-2.5 cm long. Flower: Sepals 4, greenish-white, elliptic, ca. 3.0 mm long, 1.5-2.0 mm broad; each sepal with 3 once dichotomizing basal nerves. Stamens 6-9; filaments filiform, ca. 4 mm long; anthers narrow-oblong, ca. 2.2 mm long, 0.4 mm broad, apex mucronate, with mucrones 0.25-1.4 mm long. Carpels 2-3; ovaries bilaterally compressed, narrow-elliptic, ca. 3 mm long, 1.2 mm broad, longitudinally 1-nerved; styles subulate, ca. 1.2 mm long, abaxially with thin stigmatic tissue.

四川(Sichuan)：瀘定縣，海螺溝，4號營地(Luding Xian,Hailuogou,camp no.4),alt.3 715 m，高山草甸(on alpine meadow),2018-07-15，楊永，李海文，楊智，王宇(Y.Yang,H.W.Li,Z.Yang & Y.Wang) GGS181(holotype,PE，條形碼號02293705；Isotype,PE,02293702)。

本種在體態上與吉隆唐松草(T.jilongenseW.T.Wang)極為相似，與后者的區別在于本種的單岐聚散花序只有2～4花，萼片的3條基出脈均1回二岐分枝，花藥頂端具小尖頭，子房兩側各有1條縱脈，柱頭無翅。在吉隆唐松草，單岐聚傘花序有10花，萼片的3條基出脈均不分枝，花藥頂端不具小尖頭，子房無脈，柱頭兩側各有1狹翅[1]。

九龍唐松草 圖3

圖3 九龍唐松草 A.開花植株上部；B.萼片；C.雄蕊；D.心皮Fig.3 Thalictrum jiulongense A.Upper part of flowering plant; B.Sepal; C.Stamen; D.Carpel(from holoetype)

ThalictrumjiulongenseW.T.Wang,sp.nov.Fig.3

(Sect.Thalictrum)

Species nova haec est arcte affinisT.minoriL., a quo sepalis anguste oblongis, stigmatibus longioribus anguste triangularibus 1 mm longis et 0.4 mm latis utrinque anguste alatis praeclare recedit. InT.minore, sepala elliptica, et stigmata breviora deltoidea 0.5 mm longa et 0.6 mm lata utrinque late alata sunt.

Herbs perennial, ca. 65 cm tall, totally glabrous. Stems above base 5 mm across, above 4-branched, 4-leaved. Central cauline leaves 3-4-ternate, shortly petiolate; blades ca. 9 cm long, below 6 cm broad; leaflets chartaceous, broad-rhombic, obovate or obliquely elliptic, 0.5-1.2 cm long, 0.4-1.2 cm broad, at base usually broadly cuneate, 3-lobed(lobes 1-3-dentate or entire) or 3-dentate, with nerves adaxially slightly impressed and abaxially prominent; petiolules 0.1-1.5 cm long; petioles ca. 1 cm long. Thyrses terminal, 10-14 cm long, below 5-8 cm broad, densely many-flowered; bracts foliaceous; pedicels filiform, 0.6-3.0 cm long. Flower: Sepals 4, whitish, narrow-oblong, ca. 5 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, at apex acute; each sepal with 3 simple basal nerves. Stamens ca. 15; filaments filirorm, (2-)5-6 mm long; anthers narrow-oblong, 3.2-3.5 mm long, 0.6-0.8 mm broad, apex minlutely mucronate, with mucrones ca. 0.1 mm long. Carpels ca. 6; ovaries bilaterally compressed, obovate, ca. 2 mm long, 0.7 mm broad, on each side inconspicuously and longitudinally 1-nerved; styles ca. 1 mm long; stigmas narrow-triangular, ca. 1 mm long, on each side with a narrow wing ca. 0.2 mm broad.

四川(Sichuan)：九龍縣，納布廠，磨子溝(Jiulong Xian,Nabuchang,Mozigou) alt. 3 836 m, 山坡(on slope),2018-07-20,張樹仁，楊杰，張薇(S.R.Zhang,J.Yang & W.Zhang) GGS10362(holotype, PE，條形碼號02293703)。

本種與亞歐唐松草(T.minusL.)在親緣關系上頗為相近，與后者的區別在于本種的萼片呈狹長圓形，柱頭較長，呈狹三角形，長1.0 mm，寬0.4 mm，在兩側各有1條狹翅。在歐亞唐松草，萼片呈橢圓形，柱頭較短，呈正三角形，長0.5 mm，寬0.6 mm，在兩側各有1條寬翅[1]。

致謝蒙朱相云教授提供標本，孫英寶先生繪圖并打印稿件，作者在此表示衷心感謝。