考慮質量檢查的SaaS服務供應鏈契約協調

楊斌 戴濤 陳煜婧

摘要：以獨立軟件開發商（independent software vendor，ISV）為主導的、由ISV與軟件即服務（Software-as-a-Service，SaaS）平臺運營商組成的兩級服務供應鏈，面臨產品缺陷率和努力水平不確定引發的市場需求波動問題。針對該問題，對比分散無協調決策和集中決策下的供應鏈收益，分析契約協調的必要性;考慮SaaS平臺運營商質量檢查行為，根據質量檢查結果，建立風險共擔的補償契約與懲罰契約相結合的契約模型;考慮ISV無法監控SaaS平臺運營商的努力水平和產品缺陷率的不確定性，分析質量檢查行為對供應鏈收益的影響，討論基于質量檢查結果的契約協調。研究表明，根據質量檢查結果所提出的契約模型能夠有效增加供應鏈成員的收益，實現供應鏈協調。通過對模型進行算例分析，指明契約模型的有效性和現實意義。

關鍵詞： 質量檢查; 缺陷率; 努力水平; 補償契約; 懲罰契約

中圖分類號： F274; F224 ? ?文獻標志碼： A

Abstract： The two-level service supply chain， which is dominated by an independent software vendor （ISV） and composed of ISV and SaaS （Software-as-a-Service） platform operators， is faced with the problem of market demand fluctuation caused by fuzzy product defect rate and uncertain level of effort.Aimed at the problem， the profits under decentralized uncoordinated decision-making and centralized decision-making are compared， and the necessity of contract coordination is analyzed. Considering the quality inspection behavior of SaaS platform operators， the contract model combining risk sharing compensation contract and punishment contract is established according to the quality inspection results. Considering that ISV cannot monitor the effort level of SaaS platform operators and the uncertainty of product defect rate， the influence of quality inspection behavior on supply chain profit is analyzed， and the contract coordination based on quality inspection results is discussed. The research shows that， the contract model according to the quality inspection results can effectively increase the profits of all parties in the supply chain and realize the coordination of the supply chain. The validity and practical significance of the contract model are pointed out by an example analysis of the model.

Key words： quality inspection; defect rate; effort level; compensation contract; punishment contract

0 引 言

隨著服務行業的快速發展，近幾年軟件即服務（Software-as-a-Service，SaaS）模式引起了廣泛的關注[1-2]，這種新型的服務應用模式可以很好地彌補我國中小企業現階段信息化水平低、人才缺乏和資金不足的問題。現階段SaaS模式在我國還處于發展階段，為促進其更好地發展與應用，提高基于SaaS模式的產品質量和服務水平顯得至關重要。因此，以產品質量檢查為切入點，研究如何應用契約促使各方參與者提高產品質量和服務水平，對擴大市場需求、增加收益具有現實意義。

研究服務供應鏈協調的文獻如下。……