陳喜燕
摘要:為正確處理物流經(jīng)營人之獨立型履行輔助人對物流服務(wù)合同當事人的法律責任問題,對我國現(xiàn)行法律規(guī)定、國家標準、相關(guān)格式合同和標準交易條件進行分析,得出如下結(jié)論:獨立型履行輔助人按照與物流經(jīng)營人之間的貨物運輸合同、倉儲合同、承攬合同等典型合同向物流經(jīng)營人承擔違約責任有法律依據(jù);獨立型履行輔助人與物流經(jīng)營人一起向物流委托人承擔由于貨物的滅失、損壞或不正確交付而產(chǎn)生的連帶責任,而不單獨承擔侵權(quán)責任,符合公平原則及交易安全原則。
關(guān)鍵詞: 物流經(jīng)營人; 獨立型履行輔助人; 分合同人; 侵權(quán)責任; 連帶責任
中圖分類號: D923.6; D922.52; D923.1 ? ?文獻標志碼: A
Abstract: To correctly identify the liability of the logistics operators independent performing assistant to parties to the logistics service contract, Chinese laws, national standards, adhesion contracts, and standard trading conditions are studied empirically. Conclusions then come that: the independent performing assistants shall perform obligations to the logistics operator under the contract of carriage, warehousing contract, or processing contract; it can comply with the rule of fairness and the safe dealing principle that the independent performing assistants assume liability together with the logistics operator for loss of or damage to or incorrect delivery of goods to the logistics entrustor jointly and severally, but not bear liability for tort.
Key words: logistics operator; independent performing assistant; subcontractor; liability for tort; joint and several liability
以系統(tǒng)科學(xué)和信息技術(shù)為核心的現(xiàn)代科技成果使得物流經(jīng)營人能夠向物流委托人提供多功能、全過程的一體化物流服務(wù),物流委托人通過簽訂物流服務(wù)合同將其貿(mào)易合同項下的物流義務(wù)交由物流經(jīng)營人履行。為履行將物流委托人的物品從供應(yīng)地移動至接收地的合同義務(wù),物流經(jīng)營人普遍采取訂立合同的方式,使用獨立型履行輔助人來完成物流服務(wù)合同所規(guī)定的對貨物的具體操作義務(wù)(運輸、儲存、裝卸、搬運、包裝和流通加工等)。然而,絕大多數(shù)情況下物流貨物的滅失、損壞或不正確交付,是獨立型履行輔助人對貨物的直接操作造成的。獨立型履行輔助人在物流服務(wù)合同履行中的普遍使用,以及物流服務(wù)合同的非典型合同的性質(zhì),使得物流經(jīng)營人之獨立型履行輔助人的法律地位成為理論及實踐中亟待解決的問題之一。……