2019年冬季上海市奉賢區氣候特征及對農業生產的影響

湯晨陽 徐相明 顧品強

摘要? ? 本文對奉賢區2019年冬季氣候特征及農作物生長情況進行了分析，結果表明，奉賢地區2019年冬季呈現降水量偏多、降水日數偏多、溫度偏高、日照偏少的暖冬高濕天氣，多個氣象要素創歷史極值。整個冬季出現3段連陰雨天氣，其中2018年12月2日至2019年1月15日出現長時間陰雨天氣;2019年冬季氣候有利于黃桃、蜜梨、油菜、草莓病蟲害的發生，并引起黃桃、蜜梨、油菜的澇漬災及草莓落果和畸形果增多，且影響果樹、作物后期生長發育。建議種植戶結合天氣，及時采取開溝挖渠、噴施藥肥等田間管理措施。

關鍵詞? ? 連陰雨天氣;暖冬;農業影響;上海奉賢;2019年冬季

中圖分類號? ? S162? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼? ? A

Abstract? ? The climate characteristics and crop growth status of Fengxian District in Shanghai City in winter of 2019 were analyzed.The results showed that the winter of 2019 in Fengxian District appeared warm winter and high humidity weather，which presented more precipitation，more precipitation days，higher temperature and less sunshine duration.Several meteorological factors reached historical extreme values.There were three periods of continuous rainy weather in the whole winter，including a long period of rainy weather from December 2，2018 to January 15，2019.The winter climate of 2019 was conducive to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests of yellow peach，honey pear，rape and strawberry，caused the waterlogging disaster of yellow peach，honey pear and rape，as well as the increase of fruit falling and abnormal fruit of strawberry，and affected the later growth and development of fruit trees and crops.It is suggested that farmers should timely take field management measures such as ditching and digging ditches，spraying fertilizer according to the weather.

Key words? ? continuous rainy weather;warmer winter;agriculture influence;Fengxian Shanghai;winter of 2019

連陰雨是我國南方常見的一種天氣，其持續性降水、寡照及高濕若與農業生產關鍵期重合則會帶來致災風險。如劉? 楊等[1]提出連陰雨是長江中下游小麥生產面臨的主要氣象災害，漬水和寡照2種脅迫是造成該地區小麥減產的主要原因，并分析了不同生育期漬水、寡照對小麥產量的影響;晉鵬宇等[2]研究表明，小麥穗分化中后期（拔節至孕穗）是小麥生長發育的關鍵時期，低溫和漬害會導致小花退化增多，可孕小花數和實粒數減少，結實率大幅降低，造成長沙地區2009年小麥產量重大損失;賈成剛等[3]以黃瓜、西紅柿為例，探討安陽市低溫陰雨對蔬菜的影響;譚方穎等[4]分析我國2017年夏收糧油作物全生育期氣象條件，得出江淮、江漢連陰雨及蘇、皖、鄂多雨寡照對小麥、油菜造成的影響。……