張桂芬 冼曉青 張毅波


摘要 南美番茄潛葉蛾源于南美洲的秘魯,是新近侵入中國的一種外來有害生物,主要為害蔬菜、水果、煙草、糧食作物、糖料作物和雜草等,嗜食茄科植物,尤其番茄(包括鮮食番茄、櫻桃番茄、加工番茄等)和世界廣布性雜草龍葵,嚴重發生時導致番茄減產80%~100%。該蟲首次于2017年在新疆伊犁被發現,寄主植物為露地鮮食番茄,之后又在云南臨滄發生,寄主植物為保護地鮮食番茄。南美番茄潛葉蛾寄主范圍廣泛,有9科約40種,并極易隨農產品(尤其番茄)的貿易活動/調運進行遠距離擴散,嚴重威脅我國農業產業的安全發展。文章概述了南美番茄潛葉蛾的分布范圍、生物學習性、傳播途徑,分析了其在我國的發生發展趨勢,并從物種鑒定、生物防治等方面提出了建議,以期為有效防控該蟲在我國的進一步擴散提供參考。
關鍵詞 南美番茄潛葉蛾; 外來有害生物; 發展趨勢; 傳播途徑; 物種鑒定
中圖分類號: S433.4 ?文獻標識碼: B ?DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019061
Abstract The South America tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), a newly invaded alien species in China, is an extremely damaging leaf-mining moth of South American origin. This moth can damage nearly 40 host species, including vegetables, fruits, tobacco, food crop, sugar crop, as well as weed plants, belonging to nine families. However, it prefers the Solanaceae plants most, especially the tomatoes, containing the fresh marketing tomato, processing tomato and cherry tomato, as well as the black nightshade Solanum nigrum L., a worldwide distributed weed species. Under heavy infestation, yield losses of tomatoes in the range of 80%-100% are common. T. absoluta was first recorded in Yili, Xinjiang, China in August, 2017 infesting open-field fresh marketing tomato plants. Several months later, it was found in Lincang, Yunnan, China,infesting protected-field fresh marketing tomato. T. absoluta is small in body size and can be easily carried away via national and international trade actives of agri-products, especially the tomato fruits, which pose a potential threat to the safety production of Chinas agricultural industry. In the present paper, we summarize the information on the geographic distribution, biological characteristics and pathways of spreading, analyze the development trend in China, and propose biological control measures of T. absoluta.
Key words Tuta absoluta; invasive alien pests; development trend; pathways of spreading; species identification
南美番茄潛葉蛾Tuta absoluta (Meyrick),又名番茄潛葉蛾、番茄潛麥蛾、番茄麥蛾,英文首選通用名稱the tomato leafminer、國際通用名稱the South American tomato moth[1],屬鱗翅目Lepidoptera麥蛾科Gelechiidae,原產于南美洲的秘魯,是一種世界性檢疫性入侵害蟲[1-2]。南美番茄潛葉蛾寄主范圍廣泛,可為害蔬菜(如番茄、茄子、甜椒、菜豆、菠菜等)、水果(如櫻桃番茄/圣女果、菇娘、人參果等)、糧食作物(如馬鈴薯)、糖料作物(如甜菜)、煙草以及雜草植物(如龍葵、田旋花等)等,且擴散迅速,截至2017年5月已在南美洲、歐洲、非洲、中美洲、亞洲等的85個國家/地區發生,并在22個國家/地區疑似發生,嚴重發生時常導致番茄減產80%~100%[1, 3-4]。……