家長傳染病健康素養對兒童預防接種行為的影響研究

閆春曉　馮文

[摘要] 目的 了解北京市該社區兒童第二類疫苗的接種情況，分析家長傳染病健康素養對兒童預防接種行為的影響。方法 采用單純隨機抽樣方法，對該社區2歲以上兒童及其家長進行問卷調查，問卷內容包括家長傳染病健康素養測評表、兒童個人基本信息和兒童預防接種信息，應用Ordinal有序回歸分析兒童預防接種行為的影響因素。結果 該次調查共發放問卷550份，回收有效問卷506份，托幼兒童比散居兒童更傾向于接種第二類疫苗（OR=1.506，95%CI：1.046-2.166）;傳染病健康素養中等得分組和高分組的家長為子女接種第二類疫苗的可能性分別是低分組的1.241倍（95%CI：0.751-2.052）和2.060倍（95%CI：1.149-3.695）。結論 兒童管理類型和家長傳染病健康素養是影響兒童第二類疫苗接種的重要因素，提高家長傳染病健康素養水平，有助于改善第二類疫苗的接種現狀。

[關鍵詞] 健康素養;傳染病;預防接種

[中圖分類號] R18 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1672-5654（2020）02（c）-0184-03

[Abstract] Objective To understand the vaccination status of children's type 2 vaccine in a community in Beijing and analyze the impact of parental health literacy on children's vaccination behavior. Methods A simple random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on children over 2 years old and their parents in a community. The questionnaire included parental health literacy assessment forms for infectious diseases， basic personal information of children and information on child immunization. Ordinal ordered regression analysis was used to analyze child prevention factors influencing vaccination behavior. Results A total of 550 questionnaires were distributed in this survey， and 506 valid questionnaires were recovered. Younger children were more likely to receive the second type of vaccine than scattered children （OR=1.506， 95% CI：1.046-2.166）; middle score for health literacy of infectious diseases parents in the middle score group and the high score group were 1.241 times （95% CI：0.751-2.052） and 2.060 times （95% CI：1.149-3.695） in the low score group to receive their children's second vaccine. Conclusion The type of child management and the health literacy of parents 'infectious diseases are important factors affecting children's type 2 vaccination， improving the level of parents' health literacy of infectious diseases， which will help improve the status of vaccination of type 2 vaccines.

[Key words] Health literacy; Infectious diseases; Vaccination

傳染病是嚴重危害人類健康的一類疾病，隨著微生物適應性和人體易感性的改變，我國傳染病總體形勢是面臨新發和原有傳染病的雙重威脅。預防接種工作的開展能夠降低我國傳染病的發生率，對人們健康以及公共衛生安全保障有非常重要的意義[1]，我國2007—2017年與預防接種相關主要傳染病發病率總體呈下降趨勢[2]。該研究旨納入2018年9—11月該社區2歲以上常住學齡前兒童及其家長作為研究對象，分析506份調查問卷，在了解北京市該社區兒童第二類疫苗的接種情況和家長的傳染病健康素養水平，分析家長傳染病健康素養對兒童預防接種行為的影響。……