鉛脅迫對扁豆種子萌發(fā)及幼苗生長的影響

劉艷平 韓翔

摘要? ? 用濃度為0、20、50、100、200 mg/L的鉛溶液分別處理3個扁豆品種種子（紫邊眉豆、豬耳朵扁豆、紅月紫扁豆），研究梯度濃度鉛脅迫對扁豆種子萌發(fā)和幼苗生長的影響。結(jié)果表明，20～50 mg/L鉛處理對3個扁豆品種種子萌發(fā)有促進作用，鉛濃度高于100 mg/L時有抑制作用;鉛濃度越高，3個扁豆品種種子的根長度和芽長度越短、根鮮重和芽鮮重越低，其中對根長度抑制作用顯著、對芽長度的影響很小。隨鉛濃度的提高，豬耳朵扁豆幼苗的可溶性蛋白質(zhì)含量和丙二醛（MDA）含量緩慢增加，可溶性糖含量卻先升后降;紫邊眉豆幼苗的可溶性蛋白質(zhì)含量和丙二醛（MDA）含量逐步增加，可溶性糖含量先升后降;紅月紫扁豆幼苗的丙二醛含量逐漸增加，可溶性蛋白質(zhì)和可溶性糖含量先上浮后下滑。

關(guān)鍵詞? ? 扁豆;鉛脅迫;種子萌發(fā);幼苗生長;影響

中圖分類號? ? S529? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼? ? A

文章編號? ?1007-5739（2020）11-0001-04? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）

Effects? of? Lead? Stress? on? Seed? Germination? and? Seedling? Growth? of? Lablab? purpureus

LIU Yan-ping? ? HAN Xiang

（School of Resources & Chemical Engineering，Sanming University，Sanming Fujian 365004）

Abstract? ? In this study，three varieties of Lablab purpureus（Linn.）Sweet seed（′purple side′，′porcine sear′ and ′red moon purple′）were treated with 0，20，50，100 and 200 mg/L lead solutions respectively. The effects of concentration gradient lead stress on the seed germination and the seedling growth of three varieties were determined. The results showed that 20-50 mg/L lead treatment promoted seed germination of three varieties，and >100 mg/L lead treatment had an inhibitory effect. With the increase of lead concentration，the root length，shoot length，root fresh weight and fresh weight of three varieties showed a downward trend. Lead stress significantly inhibited the root length，and had less effect on shoot length. With the increase of lead concentration，the soluble protein content and malondialdehyde（MDA）content of ′porcine sear′ increased gradually，while the soluble sugar content increased first and then decreased;the content of soluble protein and MDA of ′purple side′ increased gradually，while the soluble sugar content increased first and then decreased;the MDA content of ′red moon purple′ gradually increased，while the content of soluble protein and MDA sincreased first and then decreased.

Key words? ? Lablab purpureus（Linn.）Sweet;lead stress;seed germination;seedling growth;effect

近年來，由于農(nóng)用化學品的大量使用和與日俱增的城市污水、廢氣和污物等的大量排放，導致土壤環(huán)境中鉛等有毒重金屬快速過量積累[1-3]。植物可以直接吸收土壤中的鉛元素，鉛元素在根、莖、葉及籽粒中被大量積累，在一定程度上對植物的生長發(fā)育會產(chǎn)生長期的毒害作用;同時，當鉛元素超標的植物被人們食用，重金屬鉛會隨腸胃的吸收進入人體內(nèi)，在人體內(nèi)無限積累后，會對人體產(chǎn)生危害，嚴重時會降低神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和心血管系統(tǒng)等的功能。由此可見，鉛對植株來說是一種有積累性危害的污染物質(zhì)[4]。