田玉剛 李燕芳 趙淑珍 汪志強 紀宇曦 胡守林



摘要? ? 為探明適宜于南疆棗棉間作復合系統合理的灌水量,設置4個水分梯度,采用隨機區組試驗設計,研究棗棉間作不同水分處理對棗棉間作復合系統產量及水分生產率的影響。結果表明,隨著灌水量的增加,棗棉間作群體產量呈現先減小后增加再減小的趨勢;灌水量5 250 m3 /hm2處理產量最高,為2 828.9 kg/hm2,與灌水量3 750、4 500、6 000 m3/hm2處理產量差異顯著;不同水分處理下的水分生產率有明顯差異,依次為灌水量3 750 m3/hm2>灌水量5 250 m3/hm2>灌水量4 500 m3/hm2>灌水量6 000 m3/hm2。因此,棗棉間作最佳灌水量為5 250 m3/hm2。
關鍵詞? ? 棗棉間作;水分;產量;水分生產率
中圖分類號? ? S665.1;S562? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼? ? A
文章編號? ?1007-5739(2020)11-0008-03? ? ? ? ?開放科學(資源服務)標識碼(OSID)
Effects? of? Water? on? Yield? and? Water? Use? Efficiency? in? Jujube-cotton? Intercropping? System
TIAN Yu-gang? ? LI Yan-fang? ? ZHAO Shu-zhen? ? WANG Zhi-qiang? ? JI Yu-xi? ? HU Shou-lin *
(College of Plant Sinenece,Tarim University,Alar Xinjiang 843300)
Abstract? ? In order to explore the reasonable irrigation amount suitable for jujube- cotton intercropping system in South Xinjiang,four water gradients were set up,and the effect of different water treatment on the yield and water productivity of jujube- cotton intercropping system was studied by randomized block experiment design.The results showed that the yield of jujube- cotton intercropping decreased first,then increased and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount.The yield of 5 250 m3/hm2 treatment was the highest(2 828.9 kg/hm2),which was significantly different from that of 3 750 m3/hm2,4 500 m3/hm2 and 6 000 m3/hm2 treatment.There were significant differences in water productivity under different water treatment,in order of irrigation amount 3 750 m3/hm2>irrigation amount 5 250 m3/hm2>irrigation amount 4 500 m3/hm2>irrigation amount 6 000 m3/hm2.Therefore,5 250 m3/hm2 is the best irrigation amount for jujube-cotton intercropping.
Key words? ? jujube-cotton intercropping;water;yield;water use efficiencies
新疆紅棗、棉花產業近年來蓬勃發展,但是大多數都是單作種植。伴隨農業產業結構的調整,新疆從可持續發展的高度,大力推廣農林間作種植模式,而棗棉間作種植模式也成為了新疆農業增收的重點項目,目前形成了“棗棉間作”農業中心產業格局。國內外學者從多個方面就間作應用的理論體系進行了優化資源利用效率的理論和實踐探索[1-2]。柴? 強等[3]提出了在間作模式下作物需水量的計算模式。程建平等[4]、遲道材等[5]也探討了冬小麥/春玉米種植模式下,不同作物各生育階段的作物需水量的關系。高? 陽等[6]還就小麥/玉米、小麥/油葵模式下,作物的日耗水量進行了研究。強小曼等[7]研究表明,滴灌下西瓜產量、棉籽產量、間作的水分生產率較溝灌分別提高約14.90%、9.20%、40.39%。王仰仁等[8]也指出,不同作物組合在一起種植,其水分利用效率較單作提高0.08~0.45 kg/m3。周建偉等[9……