化肥與農藥減施替代集成技術對馬鈴薯生長及產量的影響

劉志都 嚴國富 僧珊珊 湯 潔

摘要? ? 針對馬鈴薯種植范圍廣、肥藥使用量較大的特點，雷力公司應用海藻有機肥、微生物菌劑、褐藻雙寡糖和殼寡糖等產品組成雷力馬鈴薯肥藥減施替代集成技術，開展馬鈴薯化學肥料替代及減施技術小區試驗，研究肥藥減施替代集成技術對馬鈴薯生長動態及產量的影響。結果表明，與常規用肥用藥對照相比，在施肥量相同、農藥施用量減少30%的條件下，采用雷力集成技術種植的馬鈴薯植株染病率降低3.86個百分點，產量增加3.96%;在施肥量降低17%、農藥施用量減少30%的條件下，采用雷力集成技術種植的馬鈴薯植株染病率降低15.30個百分點，產量增加3.12%。

關鍵詞? ? 馬鈴薯;肥藥雙減;生長動態;產量

中圖分類號? ? S532? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼? ? A

文章編號? ?1007-5739（2020）11-0050-02? ? ?開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）

Effect? of? Chemical? Fertilizer? Reduction? and? Pesticide? Substitute? Integrated? Technology? on? Potato? Growth? and? Yield

LIU Zhi-du? ? YAN Guo-fu *? ? SENG Shan-shan? ? TANG Jie

（Beijing Leili Marine Bioindustry New Industry Co.，Ltd.，Beijing 100081）

Abstract? ? In view of the wide planting range of potato and the large amount of fertilizer used，Leili company applied seaweed organic fertilizer，microbial inoculum，alga disaccharide oligosaccharide and chitooligosaccharide to constitute the Leili potato fertilizer and pesticide reduction substitute integrated technology.A plot experiment was conducted to study the effect of Leili potato fertilizer and pesticide reduction substitute integrated technology on the growth and yield of potato.The results showed that，compared with the conventional application of fertilizer and pesticide，under the condition of the same fertilizer application rate and the reduction of pesticide application rate by 30%，the infection rate of plants in the plot under Leili integrated technology decreased by 3.86 percentage points，and the yield increased by 3.96% .Under the conditions of 17% reduction of fertilizer application and 30% reduction of pesticide application，the infection rate of the plot plants under Leili integrated technology decreased by 15.30 percentage points，and the yield increased by 3.12%.

Key words? ? potato;double reduction of fertilizer and pesticide;growth dynamic;yield

馬鈴薯不僅是糧食作物，還是重要的經濟作物以及未來發展的能源作物，在全世界所有的糧食作物中，馬鈴薯的產量排名第4位，僅次于玉米、水稻和小麥。中國是世界上最大的馬鈴薯種植和生產國家，種植面積和產量均居世界首位[1]。因此，深入研究馬鈴薯的生長動態及其產量與品質至關重要。影響作物生長的因素很多，包括光、溫、水、肥等環境因素，也包括種子質量好壞的種子遺傳因素，同時也包括不同的栽培措施因素。研究不同栽培措施對農作物產量與品質的影響，有利于提高作物的產量及品質。

化肥的施用一方面促進了農作物的生長，另一方面其不合理施用又對農作物及環境造成了威脅[2]。……