雷力海洋性肥料在青海省馬鈴薯零化肥和零農藥種植模式中的應用

嚴國富 湯潔 魏有海 李凱凱 牛紅艷

摘要? ? 本文研究了海藻有機顆粒肥、褐藻雙寡糖和殼寡糖等海洋性肥料在青海省馬鈴薯零化肥和零農藥施用種植模式中的應用。結果表明，與空白對照相比，馬鈴薯產量、大薯率和增產率均為最高，分別為52 045.45 kg/hm2、85.76%和59.47%;與常規化肥對比，馬鈴薯產量減少6.38%，而大薯率提高8.9個百分點，VC、淀粉和蛋白質含量分別增加11.22%、14.72%和10.89%。該技術的應用符合農業部制定的“化肥零增長”“農藥零增長”和青海省打造一批綠色產品基地、有機產品基地、知名品牌基地，提高農產品質量，增加綠色、有機農產品供給，提高國內外市場競爭力的戰略定位，也能為三江源、“中華水塔”的青海省綠色生態建設作出重要貢獻。

關鍵詞? ? 馬鈴薯;雷力海洋性肥料;零化肥和零農藥施用;海藻有機顆粒肥;褐藻雙寡糖;殼寡糖;產量;青海省

中圖分類號? ? S532? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼? ? A

文章編號? ?1007-5739（2020）11-0064-02? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）

Application? of? Leili? Marine? Fertilizer? in? Potato? Planting? Mode? of? Zero? Fertilizer? and? Zero? Pesticide? in? Qinghai? Province

YAN Guo-fu 1? ? TANG Jie 1? ? WEI You-hai 2? ? LI Kai-kai 1? ? NIU Hong-yan 1

（1 Beijing Leili Marine Biological New Industry Co.，Ltd.，Beijing 100081; 2 Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences）

Abstract? ? This paper studied the application of marine fertilizers，such as seaweed organic granular fertilizer，alginate oligosaccharide and chitosan oligosaccharide，in potato planting mode of zero fertilizer and zero pesticide application? ?in Qinghai Province. The results showed that，compared with the blank control，the yield，rate of big potato and rate of production increase were the highest，which were 52 045.45 kg/hm2，85.76% and 59.47%，respectively. Compared with the conventional fertilizer，the yield of potato decreased by 6.38%，while the rate of big potato increased by 8.9 percentage points，and the content of VC，starch and protein increased by 11.22%，14.72% and 10.89%，respectively.The application of the technology is in line with the "zero growth of chemical fertilizer" and "zero growth of pesticide" formulated by the Ministry of Agriculture，and the strategic positioning of Qinghai Province to build a batch of green product bases，organic product bases and well-known brand bases，improve the quality of agricultural products，increase the supply of green and organic agricultural products，and improve the market competitiveness at home and abroad. It can also make an important contribution to the green ecological construction of Qinghai Province.

Key words? ? potato;leili marine fertilizer;zero fertilizer and zero pesticide application，seaweed organic granular fertilizer;alginate oligosaccharide;chitosan oligosaccharide;yield;Qinghai Province

馬鈴薯起源于南美洲的秘魯和玻利維亞交界的提提卡卡湖地區，是目前世界上僅次于谷類作物的第四大糧食作物。目前，馬鈴薯廣泛種植于我國20多個省、市、自治區。2014年，農業部提出加強馬鈴薯主食產品開發戰略，給中國馬鈴薯產業發展帶來新的契機。2015年，我國正式啟動了馬鈴薯主糧化戰略，把馬鈴薯列為水稻、小麥、玉米之后的第四大主糧。在傳統的淀粉、全粉、薯條、薯片等馬鈴薯加工品的基礎上，馬鈴薯半成品、方便菜肴等系列新加工品也逐步被開發出來，消費需求呈上升勢頭。……