冷啟興 錢曉紅 閆鵬 余魁
摘要? ? 番茄是一種廣受人民群眾喜愛的蔬菜,我國(guó)設(shè)施大棚番茄栽培面積逐漸擴(kuò)大,但連作障礙影響了設(shè)施番茄產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。沙培是一種以沙子為基質(zhì)的無土栽培方式,對(duì)解決設(shè)施番茄連作障礙和提升番茄品質(zhì)具有很好的作用。本文主要介紹了設(shè)施大棚番茄沙培技術(shù)、水肥管理技術(shù)和病蟲害防治技術(shù)等內(nèi)容,以期為設(shè)施大棚番茄生產(chǎn)提供一定的技術(shù)參考和借鑒。
關(guān)鍵詞? ? 設(shè)施大棚;番茄;沙培;水肥管理
中圖分類號(hào)? ? S641.225.2? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼? ? B
文章編號(hào)? ?1007-5739(2020)11-0079-02? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID)
Facility? Greenhouse? Sand? Culture? Tomato? Production? Technology
LENG Qi-xing 1,2? ? QIAN Xiao-hong 3? ? YAN Peng 2? ? YU Kui 1
(1 Zhejiang Lvji Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Pinghu Zhejiang 314207; 2 Beijing Zhongshui Runde Technology Co.,Ltd.;
3 Pinghu Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Center)
Abstract? ? Tomato is a kind of vegetable which is widely loved by the masses. The cultivation area of greenhouse tomato in China is gradually expanding,but the continuous cropping obstacle affects the development of greenhouse tomato industry. Sand culture is a kind of soilless cultivation method based on sand,which can solve the continuous cropping obstacle and improve the quality of tomato. This paper mainly introduced the sand culture technology,water and fertilizer management technology and pest and disease control technology of tomato in greenhouse,in order to provide some technical references for tomato production in greenhouse.
Key words? ? greenhouse;tomato;sand culture;water and fertilizer management
番茄是一種廣受喜愛、種植范圍廣泛的蔬菜作物,全世界番茄產(chǎn)值超600億美元。中國(guó)是全球番茄種植面積最大、產(chǎn)量最大的國(guó)家。設(shè)施番茄生產(chǎn)普遍存在長(zhǎng)期連作現(xiàn)象,導(dǎo)致番茄的品質(zhì)和產(chǎn)量降低,病蟲害易發(fā),影響設(shè)施番茄產(chǎn)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展[1-2]。無土栽培技術(shù)通過人為創(chuàng)造良好的根際環(huán)境,以充分滿足作物對(duì)水肥氣熱等環(huán)境條件的需求,從而取代土壤環(huán)境,有效防止土壤鹽分積累和土壤連作病害對(duì)作物造成生理障礙。沙培是一種基質(zhì)為沙子的無土栽培方式。沙子通透性強(qiáng)且清潔,因而沙培作物具有干凈、病害少和采收方便等特點(diǎn);而且由于沙子的比熱容較小,升溫快,降溫也快,保證地溫的同時(shí),能產(chǎn)生較大溫差。因此,以沙子為基質(zhì)栽培的果蔬具有口感好、病害少、產(chǎn)量高等優(yōu)勢(shì),深受消費(fèi)者的青睞。現(xiàn)將設(shè)施番茄沙培種植技術(shù)總結(jié)如下。……