張恒 李文平
摘要? ? 本文針對當前花椒產業發展實際,利用本土品種作為砧木,選用改良的無刺花椒作為接穗,利用劈接法實現嫁接成活與苗圃管理,形成了一套高效可行的無刺花椒商業化生產技術,為西北半干旱區發展花椒產業提供了一套標準化育苗管理技術,對進一步壯大花椒產業、促進農民脫貧增收具有重要意義。
關鍵詞? ? 無刺花椒;砧木;嫁接;管理
中圖分類號? ? S616? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼? ? B
文章編號? ?1007-5739(2020)11-0103-01? ? ? ? ?開放科學(資源服務)標識碼(OSID)
Commercial? Production? Technology? of? Stingless? Prickly? Ash? Grafted? Seedlings
ZHANG Heng 1? ? LI Wen-ping 2 *
(1 Agricultural Comprehensive and Service Center of Maguan Town,Zhangjiachuan Country,Zhangjiachuan Gansu 741300;
2 Vegetable Industry Science and Technology Demonstration Park Management Committee of Wushan County)
Abstract? ? According to the current development of the prickly ash industry,the native variety was used as root stocks,the improved stingless prickly ash was selected as scion,the graft survival and plant nursery management were realized by means of split-grafting. It has formed a set of efficient and feasible commercial production technology of prickly ash,which provides a set of standardized seedling management technology for the development of prickly ash industry in the semi-arid region of northwest China. This technology is of great significance to further expand the prickly ash industry and promote farmers′ poverty reduction and income increase.
Key words? ? stingless prickly ash;root stock;grafting;management
花椒又名大椒、山椒,是一種很好的經濟樹種。其果皮可作為調味料,也可提取香油和入藥;種子可以食用[1]。花椒性喜光、耐寒、耐旱,適應性廣,病蟲害相對較少,在海拔300~2 600 m、年降雨500 mm以上、最低溫在-18 ℃以上的坡地、平地均可正常生長,是我國半干旱地區可以大面積栽植的主要經濟林樹種[2]。甘肅是全國花椒生產第一大省,尤其是隴南、天水地區為傳統花椒產業的優勢生產區,花椒產業已成為當地群眾增收致富的重要支柱產業[1,3],但傳統的花椒栽培品種都是本土品種,不僅樹齡短、病蟲害多,而且樹身刺多,給人工采摘和管理造成不便[3]。無刺花椒是多年來通過花椒園中變異的大紅袍品種反復嫁接培育優質優選改良而來[4],在現代花椒產業基地建設中具有非常好的應用前景。本文總結了無刺花椒嫁接苗商品化生產技術,以本土品種作為砧木、改良的無刺花椒作為接穗,采用劈接法進行嫁接[5],以期為無刺花椒苗木的商品化生產提供參考。……