聊城市東昌府區(qū)農(nóng)作物病蟲害專業(yè)化統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治工作實(shí)踐探析

摘要? ? 在政府扶持、項(xiàng)目推動(dòng)等措施的引導(dǎo)下，東昌府區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)病蟲害專業(yè)化統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治工作取得了一定成效，但是在實(shí)踐中也遇到了一些問題，這些問題阻礙了病蟲害專業(yè)化統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。本文闡述了東昌府區(qū)農(nóng)作物病蟲害專業(yè)化統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治工作取得的成效，概述了其采取的措施，分析了存在的問題，提出了包括政府加大對(duì)統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治組織的扶持力度、加大對(duì)高效植保機(jī)械的研發(fā)投入、通過保險(xiǎn)手段提高專業(yè)化防治組織應(yīng)對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的能力、探索推廣農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝融合模式等措施的對(duì)策，以期為確保統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治工作健康、有序發(fā)展提供參考。

關(guān)鍵詞? ? 農(nóng)作物病蟲害;專業(yè)化統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治;成效;措施;問題;對(duì)策;山東聊城;東昌府區(qū)

中圖分類號(hào)? ? S43? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼? ? A

文章編號(hào)? ?1007-5739（2020）11-0125-02? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?開放科學(xué)（資源服務(wù)）標(biāo)識(shí)碼（OSID）

Practice? and? Exploration? on? Specialized? Systematic? Control? of? Crop? Diseases? and? Pests

in? Dongchangfu? District? of? Liaocheng? City

YAO Li-chun

（Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Dongchangfu District，Liaocheng City，Shandong Province，Liaocheng Shandong 252000）

Abstract? ? Under the guidance of government support and project promotion，the specialized systematic control of agricultural diseases and insect pests in Dongchangfu District has achieved certain results，but there are also some problems in practice，which have hindered the sustainable develop-ment of specialized systematic control of agricultural diseases and insect pests. In this paper，the effectiveness of specialized systematic control of crop diseases and insect pests，the measures adopted were summarized，and the problems were analyzed. The countermeasures were put forward，including increasing government′s support to the systematic control organizations，increasing investment in research and development of high-efficiency plant protection machinery，improving the ability of specialized systematic control organizations to deal with risks by means of insurance，exploring the exten-sion of agricultural machinery and agronomy integration modes，etc.，so as to provide references for ensuring the healthy and orderly development of the systematic control work.

Key words? ? crop disease and pest;specialized systematic control;effectiveness;measure;problem;countermeasure;Liaocheng Shandong;Dong-changfu District

聊城市東昌府區(qū)是農(nóng)業(yè)大區(qū)，農(nóng)業(yè)人口45萬人，耕地面積5.4萬hm2。一家一戶的單獨(dú)防治是當(dāng)前防治的主要形式，雖然基本上能完成防治任務(wù)，但防治的不及時(shí)、不到位，造成一定的減產(chǎn)，不能適應(yīng)當(dāng)前農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的要求。特別是隨著農(nóng)村青壯年勞動(dòng)力進(jìn)城務(wù)工的增加，農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力逐年減少，整體素質(zhì)下降，當(dāng)前農(nóng)村留守人員多為老年人和婦女，難以掌握病蟲害防治新技術(shù)和有效開展農(nóng)作物病蟲害防治，既浪費(fèi)了人力、物力、財(cái)力，病蟲害防治效果還不理想。當(dāng)前農(nóng)村和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)普遍存在缺勞力、缺技術(shù)、缺信息等問題，因而農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)對(duì)專業(yè)化服務(wù)的需求越來越強(qiáng)烈，這種現(xiàn)狀為植保專業(yè)化防治組織提供了很大的市場(chǎng)。……