康定木蘭花芽分化機理研究

王曉英 彭克忠 余海清 蘭常軍 劉韓 吳富雨 夏苗 伍杰

摘要? ? 在成都地區引種栽培的康定木蘭，生長情況良好，但未發現開花，關于其花芽分化過程及相關機理研究尚不明確。本文以野生康定木蘭花芽、栽培康定木蘭花芽為材料通過石蠟切片觀察康定木蘭花芽分化過程。同時，研究噴施激素和修剪處理對栽培康定木蘭花芽分化的影響，探索康定木蘭花芽分化機理。結果表明，野生康定木蘭花芽分化從4月底開始到6月上旬結束，整個過程歷時39 d左右;康定木蘭的未分化期、花芽分化初期、花瓣原基分化期、雄蕊原基分化期、雌蕊原基分化期分別歷時35、6、10、11、12 d;同時期的栽培康定木蘭在經過各種處理后并未進行花芽分化。成都平原夏季自然高溫可能抑制康定木蘭花芽分化。

關鍵詞? ? 康定木蘭;激素;修剪;花芽分化;石蠟切片

中圖分類號? ? Q944.85? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼? ? A

文章編號? ?1007-5739（2020）11-0143-02? ? ? ? ? ? ?開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）

Study? on? Flower? Bud? Differentiation? Mechanism? of? Magnolia? dawsoniana

WANG Xiao-ying? ? PENG Ke-zhong? ? YU Hai-qing? ? LAN Chang-jun? ? LIU Han? ? WU Fu-yu? ? XIA Miao? ? WU Jie *

（Sichuan Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Forestry Research Institute，Kangding Sichuan 626001）

Abstract? ? The growth of Magnolia dawsoniana introduced and cultivated in chengdu Area is good，but no flowers has been found，the study on the process of flower bud differentiation and its related mechanism are still unclear. In this paper，the bud differentiation of wild and cultivated M. dawsoniana was observed by paraffin section.At the same time，the effects of spraying hormone and pruning on flower bud differentiation of cultivated M. dawsoniana were studied to explore the mechanism of flower bud differentiation. The results showed that the flower bud differentiation of wild M. dawsoniana lasted about 39 days from the end of April to the end of early June;the undifferentiated stage，the initial stage of flower bud differentiation，the petal primordium differentiation stage，the stamen primordium differentiation stage and the pistil primordium differentiation stage of M. dawsoniana lasted 35，6，10，11 and 12 days，respectively;the buds of cultivated M. dawsoniana at the same time did not differentiatie after various treatments，the natural high temperature in Chengdu Plain might inhibit the flower bud differentiation of M. dawsoniana.

Key words? ? Magnolia dawsoniana;hormone;prune;flower bud differentiation;paraffin section

康定木蘭（Magnolia dawsoniana）是我國西南山區特有的一種原始古老孑遺植物，是木蘭屬中較原始的種類，屬國家保護珍稀樹種。因為花大芳香、色彩艷麗，集觀賞、食用、藥用等用途于一體，具有極高的開發利用價值[1]。目前，康定木蘭已在成都等地引種，生長狀況良好，但是均未發現開花;康定木蘭嫁接苗的苗齡最大已經達到4年，仍始終未見花芽分化。這可能與康定木蘭花芽分化期間的成都平原高溫天氣有關。目前，仍缺少足夠的生物學和生理學證據支持，需要進一步深入研究和分析。……