張川 梁金平 黃萍萍 張志勇 周美玲 曾軍



摘要 ? ?采用4因素3水平正交試驗,分析不同膜上覆土厚度、密度、品種和膜內包芯方式對閩西山區春種馬鈴薯產量及經濟性狀的影響。結果表明,品種對產量起主要作用,其次是膜上覆土厚度和密度,膜內包芯方式對產量的影響最小。試驗最優的組合為膜上覆土厚度1~2 cm、密度為60 000株/hm2、品種為中薯5號、膜內包芯方式為稻草+覆土。
關鍵詞 ? ?馬鈴薯;膜上覆土厚度;密度;品種;膜內包芯方式;產量;經濟性狀
中圖分類號 ? ?S532 ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼 ? ?A
文章編號 ? 1007-5739(2020)12-0063-03 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 開放科學(資源服務)標識碼(OSID)
Effects ?of ?Different ?Film ?Covering ?Soil ?Patterns ?on ?Yield ?and ?Economic ?Characters ?of ?Spring-planted ?Potatoes ?in ?Mountain ?Areas ?of ?Western ?Fujian
ZHANG Chuan ? ?LIANG Jin-ping * ? ?HUANG Ping-ping ? ?ZHANG Zhi-yong ? ?ZHOU Mei-ling ? ?ZENG Jun
(Institute of Longyan Agricultural Sciences, Longyan Fujian 364000)
Abstract ? ?L9(34) ?orthogonal test was used to analyze the effects of different film covering soil thickness, density, varieties and intramembrane core-wrapping methods on yield and economic characteristics of spring potato in mountainous areas of western Fujian. The results showed that varieties played a major role in the yield, followed by the film covering soil thickness and density of the overlying soil, and the intramembrane core-wrapping mode had the smallest effect on the yield. The optimum combination was as follows: the film covering soil thickness was 1-2 cm, the density was 60 000 plants/hm2, the variety was Zhongshu 5, and the intramembrane core-wrapping method was straw+mulched soil.
Key words ? ?potato; film covering soil thickness; planting density; variety; intramembrane core-wrapping method; yield; economic character
馬鈴薯是重要的糧食和蔬菜兼用作物,閩西山區馬鈴薯種植面積約760 hm2。地膜覆蓋是一項有效的增產技術,膜上覆土栽培技術是西北地區近年來推廣的一種馬鈴薯栽培新技術,價廉而有效[1-2],且回收時能減少地膜殘余量[3-4]。當前龍巖市馬鈴薯地膜栽培均為人工揭膜,但人工揭膜放苗存在勞動強度大、人力成本高、放苗不及時易高溫燒苗、放苗質量不高會增加青頭率、膜下除草困難等問題。因此,研究不同膜上覆土栽培綜合技術對閩西山區馬鈴薯產業發展具有指導意義。不少學者對地膜覆蓋的增產、保溫、保墑、抗旱特點作了研究[5-8]。馬鈴薯合理的覆土層厚度是影響馬鈴薯自動頂膜出苗的關鍵[9]。目前,關于南方馬鈴薯膜上覆土厚度、品種、密度和包芯模式4因素綜合試驗的研究未見報道。本試驗通過膜上覆土厚度、品種、密度和包芯模式4個因素設計L9(34)正交試驗,研究不同因素對馬鈴薯經濟性狀和產量的影響,以期為今后閩西山區春種馬鈴薯發展規模經營、節約人力成本、推進全程機械化種植提供參考。……