姚軍善 張鴻斌 王亞紅 陳平

摘要 ? ?采用野外定點(diǎn)調(diào)查的方法,觀察研究了不同海拔地區(qū)華山松大小蠹生活史和生活習(xí)性。結(jié)果表明,秦嶺西部華山松大小蠹以幼蟲(chóng)越冬,華山松大小蠹存在世代重疊現(xiàn)象,在同一樣地也可能存在第2代成蟲(chóng)與越冬代幼蟲(chóng)羽化的成蟲(chóng)同時(shí)揚(yáng)飛的現(xiàn)象,但大部分華山松大小蠹也能完成2個(gè)世代。寶雞市馬頭灘林業(yè)局在多年來(lái)各種防治方法經(jīng)驗(yàn)累積的基礎(chǔ)上,采取綜合防治方法控制華山松大小蠹的危害。
關(guān)鍵詞 ? ?華山松大小蠹;生活史;防治措施;秦嶺西部林區(qū)
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào) ? ?S763.7 ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 ? ?A
文章編號(hào) ? 1007-5739(2020)12-0118-02 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 開(kāi)放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID)
Investigation ?and ?Prevention ?Analysis ?of ?Dendroctonus ?armandi ?in ?Qinling ?Western ?Forest ?Area
YAO Jun-shan ? ?ZHANG Hong-bin ? ?WANG Ya-hong ? ?CHEN Ping
(Baoji Matoutan Forestry Bureau, Baoji Shannxi 721006)
Abstract ? ?Using the method of field fixed-point survey,the life history and life habits of Dendroctonus armandi were observed and studied at different altitudes. The results showed that D. armandi overwintered with larvae in the western Qinling Mountains. D. armandi had generation overlapping.In the same way, there might also be the phenomenon that the second-generation adult and the overwintering larvae emerged at the same time. However,most of D. armandi could also complete two generations.Based on the accumulated experience of different control methods over the years, Baoji Matoutan Forestry Bureau had adopted a comprehensive control measure to control the damage of D. armandi.
Key words ? ?Dendroctonus armandi; life history; control measure; Qinling western forest area
華山松(Pinus armandi)是我國(guó)特有樹(shù)種,也是秦嶺林區(qū)主要樹(shù)種,其生長(zhǎng)較快、根系發(fā)達(dá)、樹(shù)干挺拔、冠形優(yōu)美,是營(yíng)造防護(hù)林、用材林和綠化庭園的優(yōu)良樹(shù)種。近年來(lái),秦嶺西部林區(qū)華山松大小蠹危害日趨嚴(yán)重,已引起有關(guān)方面的高度重視。華山松大小蠹(Dendroctonus armandi (Tsai ct Li))屬鞘翅目(Coleoptera)齒小蠹科(Apidae)大小屬(Dendroctonus),又名凝脂小囊,寄生于華山松(Pnus armandi)的韌皮部和木質(zhì)部表面,是造成華山松大量枯死的主要蟲(chóng)種。在國(guó)內(nèi)該蟲(chóng)主要分布于陜西、甘肅、四川、湖北、河南等省。在秦嶺西部,華山松大小蠹世代研究還處于初期。為此,我們結(jié)合對(duì)華山松大小蠹防治的實(shí)際工作,觀測(cè)了華山松大小蠹在秦嶺西部林內(nèi)的生活狀況及生物習(xí)性,以期為其科學(xué)防治提供理論依據(jù)。
1 ? ?材料與方法
1.1 ? ?試驗(yàn)地概況
試驗(yàn)基地設(shè)在秦嶺西部林區(qū)寶雞市馬頭灘林業(yè)局和陜西神沙河自然保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi),地理坐標(biāo)為北緯34°01′~34°37′、東經(jīng)106°53′~107°14′,總面積約22 210 hm2,海拔高度1 400~2 450 m。……