山竹殼基活性炭的制備及性能研究

單永芳 黃齊林 韓汝蓮 鄭朝胚 楊含梅 曾艷萍

摘要 ? ?以山竹殼作為原料，KOH、K2CO3、NaOH和Na2CO3為活化劑，采用化學活化法制備山竹殼基活性炭。用傅里葉變換紅外光譜（FTIR）和掃描電子顯微鏡（SEM）表征山竹殼基活性炭。按照國標方法測定不同活化劑制備的活性炭吸附值，通過循環伏安法、恒流充放電和電化學阻抗譜考察其電化學性能。結果表明，以KOH為活化劑制備的活性炭性能最好，其碘吸附值為1 657 mg/g;在3 mol/L KOH電解液中，電流密度為10 A/g時，比電容為198 F/g;在電流密度為5 A/g時進行2 000 s恒流充放電測試，比電容保持達到90%以上。說明活化劑有助于改善所制備的活性炭的性能，且堿性越強，活化效果越好。

關鍵詞 ? ?山竹殼;活性炭;比電容;碘吸附

中圖分類號 ? ?TQ424.1;X505 ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼 ? ?A

文章編號 ? 1007-5739（2020）12-0193-04 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）

Study ?on ?Preparation ?and ?Properties ?of ?Mangosteen ?Shell-based ?Activated ?Carbon

SHAN Yong-fang ? ?HUANG Qi-lin ? ?HAN Ru-lian ? ?ZHENG Chao-pei ? ?YANG Han-mei ? ?ZENG Yan-ping *

（School of Chemical Biology and Environment， Yuxi Normal University， Yuxi Yunnan 653100）

Abstract ? ?Mangosteen shell-based activated carbon was prepared with KOH， K2CO3， NaOH and Na2CO3 as activators. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） and scanning electron microscope （SEM） were used to characterize mangosteen shell-based activated carbon. The adsorption values of activated carbon prepared by different activators were determined according to the national standard method. The electrochemical properties of activated carbon were investigated by cyclic voltammetry， constant current charge and discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that the activated carbon prepared with KOH as activator had the best performance. Its iodine adsorption value was 1 657 mg/g. In 3 mol/L KOH electrolyte， the specific capacitance was 198 F/g when the current density was 10 A/g. The specific capacitance remained above 90% when the current density was 5 A/g and the constant current charge-discharge test of 2 000 s was carried out. Activation agent is helpful to improve the properties of the prepared activated carbon， the stronger the alkalinity， the better the activation effect.

Key words ? ?mangosteen shell; activated carbon; specific capacitance; iodine adsorption

山竹屬藤黃科常綠樹，又稱為莽吉柿。山竹的果實具有減少燥熱、降溫解熱、健脾生津的作用[1-2]，同時富含蛋白質、糖和脂質，營養豐富，號稱“果中皇后”或“上帝之果”。山竹食用后剩下的果殼作為廢棄物，如不加以利用，容易造成環境污染和資源浪費。山竹殼含碳量高、來源廣泛，能用于制備成本低廉的活性炭。活性炭有較為發達的孔隙結構、較大的比表面積和較多的表面化學基團，吸附能力強[3-4]。根據制備方法，活性炭分為化學活性炭、物理活性炭和物理-化學活性炭[5]。目前，活性炭被用于工業氣體的分離凈化，污水吸附處理、脫色和儲能裝置制作等[6-7]。本文以山竹殼為原料，采用化學活化法制備高性能的活性炭，并用于碘吸附及超級電容器研究。……