楊飛 馬長明



摘要? ? 為了實現楊樹的精準灌溉,本研究以107楊為研究對象,采用熱擴散探針法(TDP)配合小型自動氣象站的方法,對107楊的樹干液流及氣象因子進行了同步監測,統計分析了其夜間樹干液流變化規律以及影響因子。結果表明,白天(5:00—20:00)液流呈現單峰多峰的趨勢,且液流速率值較大,夜間(20:00至次日5:00)液流速率值很小,但不為0;夜間樹干液流前半夜(0:00之前)呈下降趨勢,且下降速率由快到慢,后半夜(0:00之后)液流速率呈上升趨勢,且上升速率較慢;夜間樹干液流只與風速表現出了顯著正相關性,相關系數為0.080,而與其他因子均未表現出顯著相關性。
關鍵詞? ? 107楊;樹干液流;氣象因子;變化規律;夜間
中圖分類號? ? S792.119? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼? ? A
文章編號? ?1007-5739(2020)14-0108-02
Abstract? ? In order to realize precision irrigation of poplar, Populus×euramericana was took as research object, and the stem sap flow and the meteorological factors were simultaneously detected continuously with the thermal dissipation probe (TDP) and automatic miniature weather station, then the change of sap flow and its influencing factors were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that the sap flow showed a single peak or multi-peak, and the sap flow velocity was bigger in daytime (5:00-20:00); the value was smaller but not zero at night (20:00-5:00). The sap flow showed a descending trend before midnight (before 0:00), and the descending speed changed from fast to slow; the sap flow showed a increasing trend after midnight(after 0:00), and the increasing speed was slower. There was a significant positive correlation between the sap flow velocity and wind speed with correlation coefficient 0.080, and the correlation was not significant between the sap flow velocity and other meteorological factors.
Key words? ? Populus×euramericana; stem sap flow; meteorological factor; change law; at night
楊樹栽培歷史悠久,種類資源豐富,速生優質,輪伐期短,適應性強,繁殖容易,是我國分布最廣的闊葉用材樹種之一[1]。楊樹產業的快速發展,不僅有效緩解了我國用材供應的緊張狀況,改善了森林資源結構,而且優化了農村產業結構[2]。楊樹為水肥敏感型樹種,水分直接影響其正常生長發育。目前,關于楊樹蒸騰耗水的研究很多,其中楊樹樹干液流研究主要集中于不同樹種的液流差異[3]、尺度擴展[4]等方面,且多數以白天為數據支撐,忽視了夜間的液流規律。因此,本研究以107楊(Populus×euramericana)為研究對象,研究夜間液流變化規律及影響因素,以為楊樹實現精準灌溉提供有力支撐。
1? ? 材料與方法
1.1? ? 研究區概況
本試驗于河北農業大學三分廠實驗基……