三亞鳳凰國際機(jī)場停車綜合樓

業(yè)主：三亞鳳凰國際機(jī)場有限責(zé)任公司

地點(diǎn)：海南省三亞市

用地面積：72 700平方米

總建筑面積：153 000平方米

建筑功能：停車、酒店、辦公、免稅商場

建筑高度：39米

建筑設(shè)計(jì): CCDI 悉地國際

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)/機(jī)電設(shè)計(jì): CCDI 悉地國際

設(shè)計(jì)/竣工：2014/2016年

Client: HNA Group

Location: Sanya City, Hainan Province, China

Site Area: 72,700 m2

Floor Area: 153,000 m2

Function: Parking Lot, Hotel, Office Building, Duty-Free Shopping Mall

Architectural Design: CCDI

Structural Design/M&E Design: CCDI

Design/Completion: 2014/2016

三亞鳳凰國際機(jī)場停車樓綜合體南接鳳凰機(jī)場，北接建設(shè)中的高鐵站。場地處于窄逼擁擠的城市地段，被機(jī)場、高鐵和城市道路包圍，城市肌理破碎，環(huán)境嘈雜。在沒有外部資源可資利用的時(shí)候，尋求一個(gè)豐富多樣自成一體的內(nèi)向架構(gòu)就成為合理的選擇策略。而這一策略的物理前提是須有一個(gè)盡可能大的建筑容積，以為后續(xù)的空間操作留出可能性。從地理尺度上看，綜合體背倚青山，南瞰大海，其超長的水平天際線及完整的體量，將強(qiáng)化山、海、建筑物的關(guān)系，重新結(jié)構(gòu)該區(qū)域的地理景觀。這些主客觀條件綜合推導(dǎo)下來，幾乎就產(chǎn)生出這座看似激進(jìn)實(shí)則理性的“大”建筑，一個(gè)長337米，寬75米，高39米的水平巨構(gòu)。

三亞機(jī)場綜合體由三部分功能組成：酒店、辦公、免稅商場，共同承載于人工地面之上，“地面”以下容納供車輛進(jìn)出的道路和停車庫等交通功能。因?yàn)槿蠊δ馨鍓K基本上是相對獨(dú)立的，就將其兩兩脫開，形成兩條貫穿南北的大通廊。每一個(gè)功能體量內(nèi)設(shè)中庭，滿足靠內(nèi)側(cè)房間的自然采光，并在東西方向?qū)⒏鱾€(gè)中庭貫通連接，再由此東西軸向南北引出小支路。如此打造出一個(gè)通透開放、尺度宜人的小街區(qū)環(huán)境。街區(qū)四周是騎樓和廣場，北與公交站相連，南與航站樓出發(fā)平臺接駁，西連高鐵連廊，東接綜合體配套停車樓。在三層人工地面與首層地面之間設(shè)置一系列樓梯、扶梯和直梯，將行人從各個(gè)方向引導(dǎo)到功能活動(dòng)層。在各棟功能體量內(nèi)部，圍繞中庭布置露臺、走廊、架空層和屋頂花園，與中庭相互滲透，形成立體穿透的空間效果，也利于打通建筑內(nèi)外的關(guān)系。結(jié)合三亞的氣候特征，盡量保持中庭與室外空氣的貫通，而不設(shè)置隔斷。這樣在微風(fēng)徐來的時(shí)候，能夠形成諸多陰涼的小空間，適合行人旅客的休憩，也減少了空調(diào)的耗費(fèi)。為了保持各功能體量以及中庭內(nèi)外在視覺上的貫通性，中間三跨采用的是無柱大空間，集中布置門廳、多功能會(huì)議室以及開放休息區(qū)等公共活動(dòng)空間。東西方向的公共性、大尺度與南北方向上的私密性、小尺度的對比，構(gòu)成建筑表現(xiàn)上的內(nèi)在張力。

在建筑的南北立面上，采用的是雙層表皮的設(shè)計(jì)。外側(cè)為豎向金屬格柵，內(nèi)側(cè)為玻璃幕墻。從格柵到玻璃外墻的距離有4米，中間錯(cuò)動(dòng)布置陽臺，種植花草，可供人活動(dòng)觀賞。因?yàn)榻ㄖ幍某鞘械囟为M促喧鬧，雙層表皮的設(shè)計(jì)有利于在建筑與城市之間形成一個(gè)柔和的過渡，既能屏蔽部分噪音，營造室內(nèi)對景，又能抵擋日曬，創(chuàng)造一處涼爽舒適的陰影空間。相對于立體穿透的建筑“深”空間，雙層表皮是從室外過渡到室內(nèi)的“淺”空間。

The parking complex of Sanya Phoenix International Airport connects the airport on the south and the highspeed railway station under construction on the north. Located in a narrow, crowded and noisy urban area,the site is surrounded by the airport, high-speed rails and urban roads with no external resources available for us, which necessitated the creation of an integrated internal structure characterized by a rich diversity of interesting details. However, to materialize that, a site that is as large as possible to incorporate all these elements was a must so as to enable the architects to be explore innovative approaches for spatial design. Geographically, the complex is located against green mountains and overlooks the sea on the south. Its ultra-long horizonal skyline and complete volume could help strengthen the relationship between mountains, waters and the buildings, and reshape the geographical landscape of the area. Based on all those conditions, a horizontal mega-large construction that is 337 meters long, 75 meters wide, and 39 meters high, though seemingly impossible at first sight but indeed reasonable at second thought, could actually be created.

Sanya Airport Parking Complex is composed of three functions, including a hotel, an office, and a duty-free shopping mall, which are all located on the artificial ground. Under the ground, there are transport functions such as roads allowing vehicles to drive in and out as well as parking lots. As the three functional sections are independent, they are separated from each other to form two spacious corridors that run through from north to south. Inside each functional area, there’s an atrium to ensure natural lighting for rooms. Besides,the atriums are connected along the east-to-west axis, which extends to the north and south sides to form byways. In this way, a small block-like environment that is open and of a pleasant size is created. There are arcades and squares around the block, which neighbors public transport stations to the north, connect the departure platform of the terminals to the south, adjoins the passage of the high-speed railway station to the west, and links the parking building of the complex to the east. Between the three artificial floors and the bottom floor, there are staircases, escalators and elevators that can guide pedestrians from all directors to functional floors of activities. Inside each functional building, terraces, corridors, elevated layers and rooftop gardens are arranged around the atrium to encourage interaction as well as enable connections within and without the building. Based on the climate characteristics of Sanya, the architects made every possible effort to ensure ventilation without creating partitions. In this way, when a breeze blows in, a lot of small spaces can cool down, ideal for pedestrians and passengers to relax and reducing the use of air conditioners. To maintain the visual connectivity of functional areas and atriums, column-free large spaces are employed to incorporate spaces for public activity, such as halls, multi-functional meeting rooms and lounge areas. The contrast between the publicness and spaciousness in the east-to-west direction and the private and smallsized spaces in the south-to-north direction present the internal tension of the architecture.

On the north and south facades of the building, a double-skin design is adopted, with the outside featuring vertical metal grilles and the inside being a glass curtain wall. Between the grilles and the external glass wall, there’s a space of 4 meters long, complete with balconies planted with flowers and grass for appreciation and leisure. As the construction is located in a narrow and bustling area, the double-skin design ensures a gentle transition that can block some noise while creating an indoor landscape that can protect people from the sun while creating a cool and comfortable shaded space. Compared with the “deep”spaces extending through the building, the double-skin surface is a “shallow” space enabling an ideal transition from outdoors to indoors.