煤塵作業工人塵肺樣改變分布情況調查分析

賈云娜

[摘要] 目的 采用白山市重點職業病監測系統數據庫計量學的方法進行統計分析，探討白山市煤塵作業工人塵肺樣改變分布情況。方法 以白山市重點職業病監測系統為數據源，對有效數據進行統計分析。結果 白山市煤塵作業工人塵肺樣改變按地區分布全都集中在渾江區和江源區;按行業分布采礦業占97.00%，電力、熱力、燃氣及水生產和供應業占3.00%;按經濟類型分布國有經濟占100.00%;按企業規模分布全部為大型企業;按性別分布全部為男性。結論 白山市煤塵作業工人塵肺樣改變工人全都為男性，主要集中在渾江區和江源區的國有經濟大型企業;按行業主要分布在采礦業，提示上述行業為本市職業病的重點防控行業。

[關鍵詞] 煤塵作業工人;塵肺樣改變;分布

[中圖分類號] R194.3 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1672-5654（2020）06（a）-0196-03

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the distribution of pneumoconiosis in coal dust workers in Baishan City by statistical analysis using the database metrology method of the key occupational disease monitoring system in Baishan City. Methods Statistical analysis was performed on the effective data with the monitoring system of key occupational diseases in Baishan City as the data source. Results The pneumoconiosis of coal dust workers in Baishan City were all concentrated in Hunjiang District and Jiangyuan District. The mining industry accounted for 97.00%， and the electricity， heat， gas and water production and supply industries accounted for 3.00%. Economic type distribution State-owned economy accounted for 100.00%; all enterprises are large-scale enterprises according to their size; all were male by gender. Conclusion All the pneumoconiosis workers in coal dust workers in Baishan City were male， mainly in large state-owned enterprises in Hunjiang District and Jiangyuan District; they were mainly distributed in the mining industry by industry， suggesting that the above industries were occupational diseases key prevention and control industries.

[Key words] Coal dust workers; Pneumoconiosis-like changes; Distribution

塵肺病是由于在職業活動中長期吸入生產性粉塵并在肺內潴留而引起的以肺組織彌漫性纖維化為主的全身性疾病[1-3]。塵肺是嚴重危害工人健康的職業病[4]，占我國全部職業病病例總數的90%。塵肺病的并發癥是患者常見的死因。如呼吸系統感染、自發性氣胸、肺結核、肺癌及肺間皮瘤等，其結果將導致肺功能不全、呼吸衰竭進而死亡[5-6]。罹患塵肺的患者嚴重降低勞動力，甚至導致傷殘，給患者造成痛苦，降低生活質量，嚴重者威脅患者生命安全。也嚴重影響了社會的和諧發展與穩定[7]。塵肺病目前尚無法根治，但完全可以預防，早發現、早診斷、早治療塵肺病[8]。白山市是煤工塵肺接觸人數較多的地區之一，對煤塵作業工人塵肺樣改變分布情況進行分析，以期了解白山市煤工塵肺現狀及發展趨勢，加強防護措施，控制和減少塵肺病的發生，現報道如下。

1 ?資料與方法

1.1 ?材料

通過收集2017年度白山市重點職業病監測庫填報的2 269條職業健康檢查有效數據進行統計分析。

1.2 ?方法

采用白山市重點職業病監測系統數據庫計量學的方法進行統計分析，計數資料以頻數（n）和百分比表示。

2 ?結果分析

2.1 ?白山市煤工塵肺作業工人胸片專項檢查情況按地區分布

全市煤工塵肺胸片檢查2 269例，渾江區1 195例，塵肺樣改變16例，占渾江區1.34%，江源區1 074例，塵肺樣改變20例，占江源區1.86%，全市塵肺樣改變36例全都集中在渾江區和江源區。見表1。

2.2 ?白山市煤工塵肺作業工人胸片專項檢查情況按行業分布

白山市煤工塵肺胸片檢查2 269例，電力、熱力、燃氣及水生產和供應業81例中，塵肺樣改變1例，占0.01%，采礦業2 113例，塵肺樣改變35例，占1.66%，白山市塵肺樣改變36例中，采礦業占97.00%，電力、熱力、燃氣及水生產和供應業占3.00%。見表2。