韓洋
摘要:新高考背景下,高考新題型概要寫(xiě)作在高考中的表現(xiàn)并不理想,本文針對(duì)學(xué)生在寫(xiě)作中常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題,提出了一些相應(yīng)的寫(xiě)作微策略。判斷主要信息與次要信息;例如:概括整合、概括整合、同義替換。
關(guān)鍵詞:策略;技巧;主要信息;次要信息;同義替換
一、題型解讀:
概要寫(xiě)作通常為一篇350詞以?xún)?nèi)的文章,考生按要求寫(xiě)出一篇60詞左右的概要寫(xiě)作,一般來(lái)講所提供的文章為議論文、說(shuō)明文或者夾敘夾議的文體。旨在考察學(xué)生概括文本大意、獲取關(guān)鍵詞的能力,考生要用簡(jiǎn)潔的語(yǔ)言和有限的字?jǐn)?shù)來(lái)準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)主要信息。
二、常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題:
寫(xiě)作中學(xué)生常出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題主要集中在以下幾個(gè)方面:1.審題不清,主次要信息分辨不清;2.照搬原文中的個(gè)別句子,復(fù)寫(xiě)原句;3.單一的表述,沒(méi)有高級(jí)的表達(dá)句式和用詞;4.因銜接過(guò)渡不自然或者不合理所導(dǎo)致的邏輯混亂;5一般性問(wèn)題:字跡書(shū)寫(xiě),大小寫(xiě),語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤以及單詞拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤等。
三、應(yīng)對(duì)策略:
1.審題非常重要,那么要審那些內(nèi)容,則可以審題材,審主題,審人稱(chēng),審時(shí)態(tài),審要點(diǎn)。因此在這一過(guò)程中能夠了解不同文體的文體特征和篇章結(jié)構(gòu)就顯得尤為重要,在分清主要信息和次要信息的同時(shí),還要判斷出句子與句子之間,要點(diǎn)與要點(diǎn)之間的邏輯關(guān)系。
2.對(duì)于杜絕抄襲原文的現(xiàn)象,就要在平時(shí)多練習(xí)同義詞和同義句的替。
3.加強(qiáng)基本功訓(xùn)練。多背精美的篇章,練就多樣化的高級(jí)語(yǔ)言表達(dá)。
4.多寫(xiě)多練,書(shū)寫(xiě)也是非常重要的顏值與門(mén)面。
四、寫(xiě)作技巧:
1.判斷主要信息與次要信息
首先要學(xué)會(huì)尋找主題句。一般情況下,主題句出現(xiàn)在段首或者段末,有時(shí)也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段中,大度系數(shù)較大時(shí),會(huì)需要自己提煉。我們以下面這段材料來(lái)具體分析。For years, music classes have been the ugly ducklings of school curriculums——the last courses to be added, the first courses to be cut. When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, music is unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education preference. This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.其中,F(xiàn)or years, music classes have been the ugly ducklings of school curriculums——the last courses to be added, the first courses to be cut. When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, music is unavoidably at the bottom of the list.為陳述現(xiàn)象,為文章的次要信息,然而usic is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education preference. This view is shortsighted.這一觀(guān)點(diǎn)則為大眾觀(guān)點(diǎn),In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.段末則為作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn),顯然這才是文章的主要信息。
1.概括整合
以下三個(gè)句子都是對(duì)第一個(gè)要點(diǎn)的總結(jié),要求學(xué)生通過(guò)對(duì)比分析,選出哪個(gè)表述最好。a. Music classes are always seen as the least valuable one in students’ study, but it is wrong exactly.
b. Music classes, actually with benefits and importance for students, have always failed to draw students’ attention.
c. Music education is actually significant though its importance is often ignored.
通過(guò)分析不難發(fā)現(xiàn),c為最好的表述,因?yàn)橹饕男畔⒎旁诰渥拥闹骶洌我男畔⒎旁趶木渲小?/p>
2.同義替換
一句多譯的練習(xí)要經(jīng)常訓(xùn)練,要經(jīng)常進(jìn)行詞匯的同義反義或者派生的轉(zhuǎn)述訓(xùn)練,或者使用單個(gè)單詞來(lái)代替詞組甚至整個(gè)句子的意思。而且替換詞的地道與高級(jí)也彰顯考生的實(shí)力。我們還是通過(guò)下面的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明一下具體的操作。
Though music education is thought little of by schools and students, music education is actually of great benefit and importance.其中think little of 可以替換為 ignored、neglect、underestimate,然而of great importance 可以替換為 important、significant因此可以同義替換為T(mén)hough it is ignored by schools and students, music education is actually significant.
3.增分句式
對(duì)于句式單一的情況,我們要提高句子的多樣化表達(dá),這就要用到增分句式,例如非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的表達(dá),省略句,強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,定語(yǔ)從句或者反向表達(dá)來(lái)為你的文章增色。
Though music education is thought little of by schools and students, it is actually of great benefit and importance.可以用定語(yǔ)從句將主要信息和次要信息鏈接Music education, whose value is often ignored, is actually of great benefit to students.
概要寫(xiě)作任重而道遠(yuǎn),要想把概要寫(xiě)作寫(xiě)得準(zhǔn)確并簡(jiǎn)潔明了,需要我們從高一開(kāi)始就要加強(qiáng)學(xué)生的個(gè)方面的訓(xùn)練,只有平時(shí)都練習(xí)到位了,在最后的高考中才能有機(jī)會(huì)考出好成績(jī)。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]黃曉輝.浙江省高考英語(yǔ)概要寫(xiě)作題型研究[J]北京:中學(xué)外語(yǔ)教與學(xué),2016(6)
[2]教育部.普通高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(實(shí)驗(yàn))[M].人民教育出版社,2011
(義烏二中 浙江義烏 322000)