黃季焜 解偉








摘 要:中國糧食安全始終是國內外廣泛關注的問題。本文在分析基準方案下未來10年中國糧食等主要農產品消費、生產和貿易的基礎上,結合近期國家主要政策,探討了在不同政策情景下中國主要食物的供需變動趨勢。研究結果表明“口糧絕對安全”的目標能夠實現,但許多其他食物消費增長超過國內生產增長;中國食物安全主要是畜產品或飼料糧供給安全問題,通過進口飼料糧來促進畜牧業發展是國家食物安全保障的需要。未來國家還有多種重要政策措施能夠提升食物安全保障水平,特別是要夯實“藏糧于技”戰略,加快技術進步提升農業生產力;同時夯實“藏糧于地”戰略,提升水土資源生產能力;在充分利用國內外資源和市場基礎上,實現食物安全保障和綠色永續農業發展的長遠目標。
關鍵詞:糧食安全;食物需求;農業生產;農產品貿易;農業政策
中圖分類號:F323 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:2097-0145(2022)01-0017-09 doi:10.11847/fj.41.1.17
Abstract:China’s food security has always been a focused topic worldwide. This study analyzes the demand, production and trade of the major agricultural commodities under the baseline scenario and alternative policy scenarios based on the national policies in the next decade. The results show while China can achieve its national goal of ‘absolute security in food grain’, but the demands of many other foods will exceed its domestic production. The major issue of China’s food security is security of meat supply or feed grain supply. To ensure meat supply through the raising domestic livestock production and increasing feed imports is in the national interest. China still has a variety of important policies and measures to improve its capacity for ensuing food security, especially through accelerating technological progress to raise agricultural productivity by enhancing the National Strategy of Store Grain (Food) in Technology, and through improving efficient and sustainable uses of land and water by enhancing the National Strategy of Store Grain (Food) in Land. With effective uses of the domestic resources and international markets, China can largely achieve the long-term goals of ensuring food security and greener and sustainable agricultural development.Key words:food security; food demand; agricultural production; food trade; agricultural policy
1 引言
食物安全(Food Security)事關國家社會經濟發展全局,長期以來備受世界關注。食物安全問題一直是國際組織、各國政府、學術界和社會廣泛關注的問題。聯合國系統內最早的常設專門機構就是旨在提高人民營養水平和生活標準、保障食物安全的糧農組織(FAO)。FAO把食物安全(Food Security)定義為:所有人在任何時候都能夠在物質上和經濟上獲得足夠、安全和富有營養的食物,來滿足其積極和健康生活的膳食需要和食物偏好。突如其來的新冠疫情更引起國際社會對食物安全問題的關注,FAO估計2020年比2019年新增1億多人面臨饑餓困境,其中新冠疫情的沖擊是主要原因[1]。……