騎樓街區再生工程設計，海口，海南

設計主持：常青

方案設計：常青，王紅軍

合作設計：張鵬，戴仕炳，鄭君彧，劉偉，門暢，吳雨航，趙英亓，周易知，林笑涵，辛靜，劉思遠

結構設計：盧文勝，程浩

設備設計：繆斌，杜文華，強建鶴，李志平，周謹

景觀設計：董楠楠，范浩陽

施工圖合作設計單位：海南華磊建筑

設計咨詢有限公司

結構形式：框架結構

場地面積：37,475m2

建筑面積：83,249m2

建筑高度：約18m

設計時間：2010

竣工時間：2015

攝影：張嗣燁，項目工作組，業主

Principal Architect: CHANG Qing

Schematic Design: CHANG Qing,WANG Hongjun

Cooperative Architects: ZHANG Peng,DAI Shibing, ZHENG Junyu, LIU Wei,MEN Chang, WU Yuhang, ZHAO Yingqi,ZHOU Yizhi, LIN Xiaohan,XIN Jing, LIU Siyuan

Structural Engineers: LU Wensheng,CHENG Hao

Mechanical Engineers: MIAO Bin,DU Wenhua, QIANG Jianhe, LI Zhiping,ZHOU Jin

Landscape Design: DONG Nannan,FAN Haoyang

Construction Drawing Design: Hainan

Hualei Architectural Design Consulting Co., Ltd.

Structure: Frame structure

Site Area: 37,475 m2

?？隍T樓街區建于1920-1930 年代，源于19 世紀末產生于南洋地區有著“五尺街”騎廊和地方化“巴洛克”飾面的商住街區，面積68hm2，是中國現存面積最大、保存最完整的騎樓街區。經過90 余載的滄桑變遷，海口騎樓老街奇麗外表的內里已衰朽不堪，街廓風貌破敗嚴重。

1992 年夏，常青率同濟建筑系實習學生赴海口測繪騎樓老街，做了風貌保護專題研究。2010 年夏，他再次受邀率團隊二赴?？冢瑢χ猩铰?、博愛北路、新華北路等騎樓街區進行了系統梳理和保護規劃，6 年間先后完成了街廓和街景整治設計，以及重點建筑修繕設計，提升了街區的整體環境品質和生活條件；通過對典型民俗空間的內部整飭、復原及翻建激活歷史空間記憶，延續原有社群結構和消費層次，從而實現了街區可持續的活化發展。特別是在中山路恢復了巴洛克街廓一樓一色的歷史風貌，受到各界關注，成為海口市2017年春晚舞臺。

此外，設計團隊還對騎樓街區北緣破敗不堪、魚龍混雜的長堤路段進行了存真續新的有機更新設計，保留所有老騎樓，拆除低質建造物；摒棄與街區歷史騎樓比肩爭鋒的仿古騎樓選項，精心設計有時代感的新騎樓，通過原型分析，提煉騎廊、山花風洞等要素，嘗試塑造街區長堤路段內外新舊共生、和而不同的“騎樓外灘”獨特風貌。□

The Qilou Historic District in Haikou,Hainan Province was built between the 1920s and 1930s, having its origins in the commercialresidential neighbourhood of Southeast Asia dating back to the late nineteenth century. The district is distinguished by Qilou (meaning"riding house") with balconies that extend into the streets on the upper floors, forming the "fivefoot way" arcades and localised "baroque"street fa?ades. With an area of 68 hm2, the Qilou Historic District in Haikou is the largest and best-preserved qilou district in China. After more than 90 years of vicissitudes, the interiors of the street blocks have deteriorated beyond recognition, and the streets are in a dreadful state of dilapidation.

In the summer of 1992, Professor CHANG Qing led a team of architecture students from Tongji University to Haikou to conduct an architectural survey of the Qilou Historic District, producing a thematic research on urban landscape conservation. His team was invited to Haikou again in the summer of 2010 to conduct a thorough evaluation and conservation planning of the Qilou street blocks along Zhongshan Road,North Bo'ai Road and North Xinhua Road. Over the next six years, they completed a renovation design of the street fronts and streetscapes,as well as the renovation design of the most significant historic buildings, thereby enhancing the district's overall environmental quality and living conditions. The team also reorganised,restored and renovated representative folk spaces to awaken the memory of historic spaces and to maintain the social structure and consumption level of the local community, thus ensuring the district's sustainability and lively growth. In particular, the baroque-style street fa?ades along Zhongshan Road were restored to its former glory, with each building retaining its distinctive flavour. Zhongshan Road has since then attracted the attention of all walks of life and became the focal point of the Spring Festival Evening Gala in Haikou in 2017.

1 騎樓街區平面Site plan of the Qilou Historic District

2 典型騎樓要素解析Diagram of the elements of a typical riding house

3 中山路街景Streetscape of Zhongshan Road

In addition, CHANG's team implemented an organic renewal design for the derelict and intricate Changdi Road section on the northern edge of the Qilou Historic District, preserving all the old qilou houses and demolishing low-quality buildings. After rejecting the pseudo-classical option that would have rivalled the historic qilou in the district, they meticulously created new qilou structures that evoked the spirit of the age. Through analysing prototypes and refining various elements such as arcades, triangle gable walls and wind openings, the team endeavoured to invent a distinctive appearance for the "Bund of Qilou" within and beyond the Changdi Road section, where the new and the old, while keeping their distinctive characteristics, have been coexisting in harmony.□(Translated by ZHU Yayun)

4 整飭后的中山路Zhongshan Road after renovation

5 騎樓內部整飭示意Interior renovation diagram of Qilou

6 整飭前的中山路Zhongshan Road before renovation

項目評論

?？隍T樓街由于其突出的歷史文化價值入選第一屆全國十大文化名街。與其他中國歷史街區一樣，它也經歷了衰落，面臨人口擁擠、業態邊緣化、房屋失修、文化空間失序，甚至被拆除的壓力。在同濟大學常青院士主持下，歷經7 個多年頭完成了街區的一期保護更新工程，取得了巨大的社會、經濟和文化效益，為我國歷史街區的保護樹立了新的里程碑。

騎樓街區項目的成功在于整個設計有著深厚的研究基礎，早在1992 年主持人就對該地區展開研究，對街區歷史、建筑人文等有著準確的把握。在修復過程中，團隊對老建筑進行了科學診斷，甄別有價值的載體，保留了多層次的真實歷史信息；恢復了重要的文化空間（如天后宮），延續了騎樓街風貌的多樣性，做到了一樓一色。在科學修復的基礎上，主持人勇于創新，使新舊融合，且可識別，生動闡釋和踐行了梁思成先生提出的“修舊如舊”和馮紀忠先生提出的“整舊如故”保護理念。為了保障街區的長效管理，團隊還結合當地實際，編制了相關技術導則，體現了可持續的遺產管理新理念。

街區的保護與文化復興相輔相成，整個項目通過融合室內外環境，生動展示了街區豐富的人文內涵和濃郁的生活氛圍，提升了社區自豪感?？梢哉f，?？隍T樓街區項目為全球活態遺產的保護提供了中國模式。

張杰

全國工程勘察設計大師

清華大學建筑學院教授北京建筑大學建筑學院特聘院長

7 整飭前的天后宮門樓Gatehouse of Tianhou Temple before renovation

8 天后宮門樓內側“減半”The inner side of the gatehouse of Tianhou Temple

9 整飭后的天后宮門樓內景Interior view of the gatehouse of Tianhou Temple after renovation

10 位于騎廊內的天后宮門Tianhou Temple Gate

11 天后宮大殿The Great Hall of Tianhou Temple

12 “天后宮闕”牌樓—天后宮門樓剖面Section of "Tianhou Gongque"- Gatehouse of Tianhou Temple

13 “天后宮闕”牌樓"Tianhou Gongque" Archway

Comments

Due to its remarkable cultural and historical value, the Qilou Historic District in Haikou,Hainan Province, was included in the first Top 10 list of China's Most Prestigious Cultural Streets.Similar to other historic districts in China, it has seen decline and pressure from population congestion, commercial marginalisation, house dilapidation and cultural space deterioration, and is even under the threat of demolition. After seven years of long-term cultivation led by Academician CHANG Qing of Tongji University, the first phase of the conservation and regeneration of the Qilou Historic District was completed, achieving significant social, economic, and cultural benefits, and establishing a new standard for the conservation of China's historic districts.

The success of the Qilou Historic District project can be attributed to the extensive study that informed the design. CHANG Qing began studying this district in 1992 and has since acquired a comprehensive understanding of its history, architecture, and culture. During the restoration, his team conducted scientific analyses of the old buildings, identified valuable objects and preserved authentic historical information at multiple layers.They also restored significant cultural spaces such as the Tianhou Temple (Heavenly Queen Temple), and kept the stylistic diversity of the streets so that each building retains its distinctive flavour. Guided by the fundamental principle of scientific restoration, CHANG had the fortitude to innovate and integrate the new with the old without losing each other's characteristics, exemplifying and embodying the conservation ideals of LIANG Sicheng's"restoring the old as it previously appeared"(xiujiu rujiu) and FENG Jizhong's "restoring the old as it was" (zhengjiu rugu). To assure the district's long-term management, the team also produced suitable technical guidelines in accordance with local conditions, exemplifying the novel concept of sustainable heritage management.

14 長堤路騎樓外灘方案一鳥瞰Aerial view of Qilou Bund on Changdi Road, Scheme 1

15 長堤路新騎樓界面方案一Exterior view of the New Riding House on Changqi Road, Scheme 1

The conservation and cultural revitalisation of the Qilou Historic District complement one another. By blending the indoor and outdoor environments, the entire project highlights the district's rich humanistic connotation and dynamic living atmosphere, and has increased the community's sense of pride. The project provides a "Chinese model" for the conservation of the living heritage globally. ( Translated by ZHU Yayun)

ZHANG Jie

National Master of Engineering Design and Geotechnique Investigation Professor, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University Dean of the School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture

16 長堤路新騎樓界面方案二Exterior view of the New Riding House on Changqi Road, Scheme 2

17 長堤路—中山橫街草圖Sketch of Changqi Road- Zhongshan Street

18 方案二“大三巴”后拱廊街設計Arcaded Streets, Scheme 2

19 長堤路街景整飭前后Exterior view of the Changqi Road before and after renovation