國際建筑界人士對常青的專業評價

克里斯蒂安·倫費爾瑞士蘇黎世州文物保護局原局長

Dr. Christian Renfer Former Director, the Office of Monument Preservation Canton of Zurich / Switzerland

在同濟大學于2007 年舉辦的一次會議上，我首次結識了個性活躍的常青教授。他是那屆大會的組織者之一。在大會上，他介紹了素有“小布達拉”之稱的西藏日喀則“桑珠孜宗堡”保護性復原方案的設計研究，該項目給人留下十分深刻的印象。而我本人也曾多次接觸這一項目，我在瑞士舉辦的多個報告會上，都曾將其作為審慎恢復歷史紀念建筑的范例加以介紹。

后來，在我前往中國各地舉辦專業報告期間，每年兩次造訪同濟大學建筑與城市規劃學院，與常青教授會面，并就歷史建筑保護的教學方法、文化遺產保護的實踐方法，以及中國歷史建筑保護領域的具體項目，與他進行直接的專業探討。交流探討的內容中，也包括了我本人在中國歷史建筑保護領域所積累的經驗:我曾作為專家參與了在云南省劍川縣開展的“沙溪復興工程”（2000-2006），并多年調查研究中國對具有保護價值的鄉村聚落的保護工作。此外，我還與常青教授本人密切探討了同濟大學建筑與城市規劃學院當時新開設的歷史建筑保護專業學位教程的目標，以及同時創辦的《建筑遺產》專業期刊的相關情況。我還深入研究了上海外灘九號“輪船招商總局大樓”外觀復原與內部整飾設計項目。通過以上這些活動，我得以深入地跟蹤了解常青教授的工作方式和分析方法，并將他的工作與國際上的《威尼斯宣言》（1964）、《聯合國教科文組織世界遺產公約》（1972），以及《奈良文件》（1994）中闡述的保護原則進行比較。常青教授2014 年出版的《歷史建筑保護工程學》，以及他關于上海外灘文化歷史意義及保護工作的書面講義，都以令人過目難忘的方式，展示了他如何系統地傳授專業知識。在過去10 年來我結識的中國文化遺產保護領域的學者中，常青教授無疑令我印象至深。

他擁有廣博的歷史學識和獨特的工作方法， 這一點也影響了他的博士生們。他也有很強的分析思考力和批判力，這使他能夠與外國專家展開有別于泛泛之談的、深入而專業的探討。此外，他也通曉國際上在文化遺產保護領域的各種發展趨勢及其在實踐中奉行的不同理念。這使他在中國文化遺產保護領域發揮出非常重要的作用。這一點十分重要，因為在世界各國，文化遺產保護工作都是一個不斷發展的、處于社會發展和政治發展潮流之中的動態進程。常青教授的貢獻——在中國目前的經濟發展歷程中——直接積極推動著為保護豐富多彩的文化遺產而開展的各項專業工作。1）

At a conference held by Tongji University in 2007, I got to know Professor CHANG Qing with a charming personality for the first time. He is one of the organizers of that conference. At the conference, he introduced the design and research of the restoration scheme of Sangzhutse Fortress in Shigatse, Tibet, which is known as "Little Potala Palace". The project is very impressive. And I have been in contact with this project many times because I have introduced it as a model for the rigorous and meticulous restoration of historical monuments in many reports held in Switzerland.

Later, when I went to various parts of China to hold professional reports, I visited the College of Architecture and Urban Planning (CAUP) of Tongji University twice a year, met with Professor CHANG Qing, and had direct professional discussions with him on the practical methods of cultural heritage preservation and the specific projects of cultural heritage preservation in China. The content of the discussion also includes my own experience in the field of cultural heritage preservation in China: I participated in the Revival Project of Shaxi in Jianchua, Yunnan Province as an expert (2000-2006), and investigated and studied the preservation of rural settlements with historical values in China for many years. In addition, I personally discussed with Professor CHANG Qing the goal of the newly-opened undergraduate program in Architecture Conservation of CAUP and the objectives of the academic journalHeritage Architecturefounded at the same time. I also deeply studied the renovation of the China Merchants Steam Navigation Building on the historical Bund (No.9 Building)of Shanghai. Through these activities, I have been able to deeply follow up on Professor CHANG Qing's methodological and analytical work, and compare his work with the international conservation principles set forth in the Venice Charter (1964), the UNESCO World Heritage Convention (1972),and the Nara Document (1994). Professor CHANG Qing's book "Historic Architecture Conservation Engineering" published in 2014, as well as his written lecture notes on the cultural and historical significance and conservation of the Bund in Shanghai, all showed how he systematically imparted professional knowledge in an unforgettable way.

Professor CHANG Qing is one of the best academic professors in the field of cultural heritage conservation in China that I have known in the past ten years. He has profound historical knowledge and outstanding working methods, which has also been proved by his doctoral graduate students.

His analytical thinking and critical ability also enable him to have profound and differentiated professional discussions with foreign experts. He also outlines the international trend of cultural heritage conservation and the different methods of its actual implementation. This makes him play an extremely important role in the field of cultural heritage conservation in China. This is very important because in all countries of the world, the conservation of cultural heritage is a dynamic process, embedded in the social and political development of architecture. Professor CHANG Qing's contribution-in the course of China's current economic development-has directly and actively promoted all kinds of professional means to preserve this country's rich cultural heritage1).

林內·迪士泰凡諾香港大學建筑學院教授國際古跡遺址理事會顧問

Lynne D. DiStefano Professor, Architectural Conservation Programme(ACP), The University of Hong Kong World Heritage Advisor for ICOMOS

我們與常青的第一次見面是在同濟大學，當時我的項目（香港大學的建筑保護專業）正在啟動一系列與同濟大學建筑系的交流。

從一開始，我就對常青把握國際語境的能力印象深刻，尤其是在城市保護的背景下，決心建立并引導中國第一個保護方面的專業。首批畢業的兩個班 （2007 和2008 年）實現了這一愿景，該專業的學生已被包括我所在的香港大學在內的許多海外機構錄取為研究生繼續深造。當然，常青在規劃和指導同濟大學保護專業的同時，也帶領建筑系與國際機構進行積極的交流，能夠擔當和平衡多重角色，并能清晰地理解建筑系優先考慮的事項，這些都表明他具有卓越的管理能力。

常青除了主持建筑系，同時在保護領域持續實踐，范圍包括歷史城市保護和建筑遺產保護。對于前者，常青努力在項目中以極其敏感的方式回應保護“文脈”的必要性，同時承認適應性發展和再發展，包括適應性再利用的必要性，外灘九號項目反映了這種思想。另一方面，對于更為傳統意義上的建筑遺產保護，他令人信服地證明了當標志性建筑大部分被毀時重建的適宜性，就像他在西藏的工作所證明的那樣。

在他的保護工作中，常青按照國際準則選取“最佳實踐”并做出決定，但這些判斷是在中國保護實踐的實際背景下做出的。例如，在中國的部分地區，真實性更依賴于維護/恢復一個地方無形文化的方面，而不是嚴格地保護有形的，特別是實存的建筑結構。正是這一點——常青有能力在國際上思考，但又能夠在本土做出適當的回應——使他的工作有別于許多從業者。

作為一位專業人士，我認為常青是我在亞太地區結識的在奉獻精神和博學方面表現突出的教授之一。2）

We first met at Tongji University when my programme (the Architectural Conservation Programme at The University of Hong Kong) was initiating a series of potential exchanges with Tongji's Department of Architecture.

From the very beginning, I was exceedingly impressed with CHANG Qing's grasp of the international context in which urban conservation, in particular, needed to be framed and with his determination to establish and lead Mainland China's first undergraduate programme in preservation.The first two classes to graduate (2007 and 2008) are a testament to his vision, and students from the programme have been accepted for graduate studies at a number of overseas institutions,including my university. Of course, at the same time that CHANG Qing was shaping and leading the undergraduate programme in preservation, he was leading the entire Department of Architecture during a period of active exchange with international institutions. His ability to prioritize and balance his multiple roles was (and is) a tribute to his management skills and his clear understanding of departmental and programme priorities.

Coupled with CHANG Qing headships, is his on-going practice in the field of conservation,including both urban conservation and built heritage conservation. For the former, CHANG Qing has striven to demonstrate in his projects the need to respond in the most sensitive ways to the preservation "pulse" while, at the same time, acknowledging the need to accommodate appropriate development and redevelopment, including adaptive reuse. His Bund #9 project reflects this kind of thinking. On the other hand, for more traditional built heritage conservation, he has convincingly demonstrated the appropriateness of reconstruction when a landmark building has largely been destroyed, as in his work in Tibet.

In his conservation work, CHANG Qing makes decisions in the context of "Best Practice" at the international level, but such decisions are localized within the context of conservation practice in Mainland China. For example, in parts of China, authenticity depends more on maintaining/reinstating the intangible aspects of a place rather than strictly preserving the tangible, and, in particular, the actual building fabric. And it is this - CHANG Qing's ability to think internationally,but respond appropriately at the local level - that sets his work apart from that of many practitioners.

As a professional, I have found CHANG Qing to be one of the most dedicated and most knowledgeable professors and practitioners I have met in Asia and the Pacific .2)

斯坦福·安德森美國麻省理工學院建筑學院原建筑系系主任

Stanford Anderson Former Dean, the Department of Architecture of MIT, USA

親愛的同事們，我在此向你們介紹的常青教授，是上海同濟大學建筑與城市規劃學院（CAUP）建筑系的系主任。

5 年來，我一直與CAUP 合作，先后前往上海進行了8 次講座和工作坊教學。就在幾天前，我作為CAUP 第一位國際顧問委員會成員前往同濟大學，這讓我有了進一步了解CAUP 和常青教授的絕好機會。

雖然我對中國建筑院校的了解僅限于不多的幾所，但北京清華大學和上海同濟大學的建筑學院無疑久負盛名，它們都是佼佼者。最近訪問時的見聞讓我確信，在常教授和吳院長等的帶領下，CAUP 作為領跑的建筑學院之一，近年來實力在增強。

在中國，常教授抓住了使教學和實踐相互促進的機會。每次訪問上海，我都會與常教授見一兩面，在他主持的研究生項目中，我觀察到他與專心致志的同事和學生們一起工作的場景。通過參觀常青教授的項目、閱讀他的著作并與他討論，我逐漸了解到他不僅在上海，而且在中國建筑的保護和發展中都起著推進作用。目前他正在參與地震災區的恢復重建工作。

鑒于此，我很高興地看到常青教授完全符合了美國建筑師學會榮譽會士的標準，通過“提升建筑教育、訓練和設計的水準，在科學和藝術的雙重層面推動了規劃和建筑的進展”。3）

Dear Colleagues, you will know that Professor CHANG Qing is the Head of the Department of Architecture of the College of Architecture and Urban Planning (CAUP) of Tongji University in Shanghai.

I have been visiting and collaborating with CAUP for about five years now, having made eight visits for lectures and collaborative studio/workshop exercises.I thus have had an excellent opportunity to know both CAUP and Professor CHANG.

I know only a few of China's schools of architecture, but it is widely accepted that the two schools competing for top honors are Tsinghua University of Beijing and Tongji in Shanghai.They are both fine schools; as one of the leading schools of architecture, CAUP is having strengthened in recent years under the leadership of Professor CHANG and Dean Wu Zhiqiang. Recent Visiting activity gave me certainty in these observations.

In China, mutual reinforcement of teaching and practice is facilitated, and CHANG has seized these opportunities. I have met with Professor CHANG once or more on every visit to Shanghai,observing him in the context of his own graduate program with dedicated colleagues and students.Through visits to his projects, viewing his publications, and discussion, I am familiar with his leading role in architectural conservation and development not only in Shanghai but also extensively in China. Currently he is involved in work in the area devastated by earthquake.

I am pleased to witness that Professor CHANG fully meets the criteria of AIA honorary fellowship: advancing "the science and art of planning and building by advancing the standards of architectural education, training, and practice".3)

雷蒙德·葉美國夏威夷大學建筑學院原院長

Raymond W. H. Yeh Professor and Former Dean, School of Architecture, University of Hawaii, USA

羅伯特·文丘里美國當代著名建筑師

Robert Venturi Architect, USA, Representative figure of international postmodern architecture

常青教授是中國具有影響力的建筑師和教育家。他令人矚目的實踐工作和系列著述在中國建筑遺產保護領域堪稱典范，其專業作為超越了一般職業要求，企及了學術的層面。他在同濟大學主持了中國最大的建筑系，并于2003 年創辦了中國第一個歷史建筑保護工程專業。

在常教授的眾多獲獎項目中，令人印象最深刻的是建于14 世紀西藏日喀則桑珠孜宗堡的復原工程，該工程設計項目獲得了2008 年上海建筑學會建筑創作優秀獎。常教授致力于促進設計的可持續性，他的杭州錢塘江南岸來氏聚落再生規劃設計，成功地將新的生成性設計元素與現有的自然文化生態系統有機地交織在一起，該項目獲得了瑞士首屆豪瑞獎亞太區金獎。常教授的另一個引人注目的項目是位于上海外灘的輪船招商總局大樓的百年大修工程。這一理性內斂而優雅的復原設計獲得了2006 年上海市優秀工程勘察設計二等獎。

常青教授是一位專注的學者，也是一位多產的建筑師，作為中國一所領先建筑院系中廣受矚目的謀劃者，他對指導學生的學業進步也不遺余力。多年來，在保持其專業工作強度的同時，常教授通過其主持的項目增加了學院的聲譽，這個學院與歐美主要的建筑學院大多建立了合作關系。他最近還應邀擔任了蘇黎世聯邦理工學院建筑系評估委員會的成員。4）

Professor CHANG Qing is a leading architect and educator in China. His inspiring work and numerous publications on the conservation of the very rich architecture heritage of China have been exemplary. His extraordinary influence in the field has spanned beyond professional practice into the academy as he heads the largest architecture program in China at Tongji University where he established China's first architecture preservation program in 2003.

Among Professor CHANG's many award winning projects is the most impressive restoration of the 14 century Sangzhutse Fortress, a Potala Palace-like Fortress in the town center of Shigatse, Tibet,which won the 2008 Gold Award of the Architecture Society of Shanghai. Committed to promoting sustainability in design, his Lai Clan Settlement Regeneration Project in the historic district of Hangzhou successfully interwoven new generative design elements with the existing natural and cultural ecological systems. The project won the 2005 Asia Pacific Gold Holcim Award. Another Professor CHANG's high profile project is the renovation of the China Merchants Steam Navigation Building on the historical Bund (No.9 Building) of Shanghai. The sensibly restrained but elegant project won the 2006 Silver Award of the Survey and Design Society of Shanghai.

A dedicated academic as well as a prolific architect, Professor CHANG Qing directs his students'development as a highly respected head of a leading architecture school in China. Through the years, while maintaining the intensity of his professional work, Professor CHANG has furthered the reputation of his school thru his program leadership and cultivated global program relationships with a good number of major architecture schools in the U.S. and Europe. Known and respected internationally, Professor recently also served as a member of the evaluation committee of the ETH Department of Architecture in Zurich.4)

常青教授無疑是國際建筑領域的代表性人物之一，因為他的建筑和規劃作為，涵蓋了傳授學術、保護遺產、認同風土文化以及高雅文化的價值，而且他的研究工作與歐洲、北美和亞洲相關聯。我對他的絲綢之路建筑和珠海望族宅院研究尤感興趣。5）

Professor CHANG Qing is certainly one of the leading architectural individuals in the world scene as he embraces in his career architecture and planning practice, academic teaching, conservation, and acknowledges the significance of vernacular as well as high culture - as his work spans Europe, North America as well as Asia. His historical studies of the architecture of the Silk Roads and the clan family house in Zhuhai in particular interest me.5)

羅伯特·艾維美國《建筑實錄》主編

Robert A. IvyThe editor-in-chief,Architectural Recordof the American Institute of Architects (AIA)

常青教授通過對建筑遺產這一價值載體的高度關注，對未來中國做出了卓越貢獻。他在同濟大學長期執教、著述，并在“常青工作室”從事建筑實踐工作。作為中國歷史建筑研究領域的一位引領者，他通過出版物和不斷探索實踐，以及知識傳授的方式，持續發掘著中國歷史建筑的特有價值。

常教授出版的《中華文化通志·科技典·建筑志》《西域文明與華夏建筑的變遷》《建筑遺產的生存策略》等著作，是中國歷史建筑研究與分析的重要代表作。6）

Professor CHANG Qing has made a remarkable contribution to China's future by focusing attention to the wealth of its architectural heritage. As a longtime teacher at Tongji University, as a writer, and as a practicing architect with Chang Qing Studio, Professor CHANG has consistently been a champion of historic Chinese architecture, helping to highlight its value in publications and in his practice, as well as with his students.

His books, such asA History of Chinese Architecture in Sino-Western Comparative VisionandA Comparative Research on Vicissitudes of Chinese Architecture and its Background of Western Regions along Silk Roads, andA Conservation Strategy of Architectural Heritage, are mainstays of historic research and analysis in China.6)

約翰·雷蒙德悉尼大學建筑學院院長

John Redmond

Professor and Dean, Faculty of Architecture,Design & Planning, University of Sydney, Canada

2014 年，悉尼大學舉辦了“展望歷史空間”展覽。它展示了近年來上海同濟大學建筑與城市規劃學院（CAUP）師生在常青教授帶領下所做的大量建筑遺產實錄和保護成果。展出的作品及相關資料演示了CAUP 歷史建筑保護項目所擁有的技術能力、歷史研究能力和設計技巧。這項工作表明了CAUP 對國際公認的保護方法具有清晰的理解。項目突出展示了常青教授在特定情況下確定恰當行動路線的強大能力。

常青教授主持承擔了一系列復雜的保護工程，保存并維護了重要的歷史古跡。這樣的工作需要掌握深厚的文物知識，建筑技術和美學原則，其高質量的工作獲得同行廣泛認可。7）

The exhibition, Envisioning Historic Space was staged at the University of Sydney in 2014. It demonstrated the great range of heritage documentation and conservation works undertaken by Tongji staff and students under the leadership of Professor CHANG Qing in recent years. The work on display and the accompanying materials showed the range of technical, historical and design skill possessed by the Conservation program at the CAUP. The work demonstrated a clear understanding of internationally accepted conservation methodologies. The projects on display also highlighted Professor CHANG Qing's strong capacity to judge the appropriate course of action in specific situations.

Professor CHANG Qing has undertaken a number of complex conservation projects that have refurbished and maintained major historic monuments. Such work demanded great knowledge of the monuments, their constructional techniques and aesthetic principles. The projects have been widely recognised by peers as being of a high quality .7)□（本文第一節原文由瑞士蘇黎世譯員王維女士翻譯，其余6 節原文由同濟大學建筑與城市規劃學院潘玥副教授翻譯）

注釋

1） 譯自2015年瑞士蘇黎世文物保護局原局長克里斯蒂安·倫費爾博士以德文所撰《我的自述》。

2） 譯自2009年國際古跡遺址理事會顧問林內·迪士泰凡諾教授所撰對常青的英文簡介。

3） 譯自2009年美國麻省理工學院建筑系原系主任斯坦?！ぐ驳律淌趯ΤＧ嘣u價函副本。

4） 譯自2009年美國夏威夷大學建筑學院原院長雷蒙德·葉教授對常青評價函副本。

5） 譯自2009年美國著名建筑大師羅伯特·文丘里先生對常青評價函副本。文中珠海望族宅院指的是陳芳故居。陳芳是19世紀后期清朝駐夏威夷王國總領事，常青在20世紀末主持了珠海梅溪村陳芳故居修復工程，并在夏威夷大學訪學期間考察了當地的陳芳史跡。參見常青《建筑遺產的生存策略》1-15頁。

6） 譯自2009年美國《建筑實錄》羅伯特·艾維主編對常青評價函副本。

7） 譯自2014年澳大利亞悉尼大學建筑學院約翰·雷蒙德院長寫給同濟大學的致謝信副本。

Notes

1) Translated from "Personal Statement" written by Christian Renfer in German in 2015.

2) Quote from the introduction of CHANG Qing by Lynne D. DiStefano in 2009.

3) Quote from a copy of Stanford Anderson's recommendation letter to the American Institute of Architects (AIA) in 2009.

4) Quote from a copy of Raymond W. H. Yeh's recommendation letter to the American Institute of Architects (AIA) in 2009.

5) Quote from a copy of Robert Venturi's recommendation letter to the American Institute of Architects (AIA) in 2009. The clan family house in Zhuhai refers to CHEN Fang's former residence. CHEN Fang was the consul general of the Qing Dynasty in the kingdom of Hawaii in the late 19th century. CHANG Qing was the director of the restoration project of CHEN Fang's former residence in Meixi Village, Zhuhai, China at the end of the 20th century, and inspected the historical remains of CHEN Fang during his visit to Hawaii University.

6) Quote from a copy of Robert A. Ivy's recommendation letter to the American Institute of Architects (AIA) in 2009.

7) Quote from a copy of the letter of acknowledgment written by John Redmond to Tongji University in 2014.