月湖西區（一期）再生工程設計，寧波，浙江

設計主持：常青

方案設計：常青，張鵬，王紅軍

合作設計：吳雨航，門暢，趙英亓，劉思遠

施工圖設計單位：寧波城建設計

研究院有限公司

結構形式：框架結構

場地面積：4.14hm2

建筑面積：30,266m2

建筑高度：約9m

設計時間：2012

竣工時間：2017

攝影：張嗣燁，趙英亓

Principal Architect: CHANG Qing

Schematic Design: CHANG Qing,ZHANG Peng, WANG Hongjun

Cooperative Architects: WU Yuhang,MEN Chang, ZHAO Yingqi, LIU Siyuan Structure: Frame structure

Site Area: 4.14 hm2

Floor Area：30,266 m2

Building Height: Approx. 9 m

Design Time: 2012

Completion Time: 2017

Photos: ZHANG Siye, ZHAO Yingqi

寧波老城西南的月湖地段，是南宋浙東“四明學派”的交集處。月湖西區北片東臨偃月街，北至中山西路，西和南靠三板橋街及青石街，是不可多得的重要歷史文化街區。在2010 年前后的舊城改造中，當地對這片占地約1.9hm2的歷史文化街區進行了拆改重建，使其歷史空間肌理幾近解體。2012 年，同濟大學常青團隊接受了恢復月湖西區北片的再生設計任務。

首先，恢復了街區內的拗花巷和惠政巷逶迤交錯的十字結構、合院群落肌理和傳統街道敷地，適當調整街道尺度，適度增加規劃路和公共集散空間，謹慎處理街區內歷史遺址；其次，對街區邊緣與現代城市空間接壤的已拆除建筑進行創意重塑，提供了兩個比選方案。方案一將街區內幸存的歷史建筑——“屠氏別業”外部空間辟為城市廣場及宜人的社交場景；方案二保持城市界面的連續，沿中山西路新建一座月湖博覽館，其輪廓亦取平直，與“屠氏別業”邊墻依然為平、仄關系；第三是解決復建和少量新建之間的空間適應性問題，即在用拆除的木構件復建的同時，內部插入“類比”原則的現代空間元素，梁柱、墻體和門窗均采用鋼木構件搭接和組裝，室內環境控制可基本達到設計規范要求。

總之，寧波月湖西區北片的這個案例規模雖小，卻對思考和探索既往和當下全國的舊城改造具有普遍意義，關聯著城鄉改造、城市（鎮）化和保護與更新關系處理的路徑和范式，在理論和實踐兩個層面均具探索的典型性。□

The Moon Lake historic area in the southwest of the old Ningbo city was the centre of the Confucian "Siming School" in eastern Zhejiang during the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279).With Yanyue Street to the east, West Zhongshan Road to the north, Sanbanqiao Street to the west,and Qingshi Street to the south, the northern part of the western district of the area is an exceptional and important historic and cultural district. During the urban renewal around 2010, around 1.9 hm2of the historic area were demolished and reconstructed, which nearly disintegrated its historic urban fabrics. In 2012,the Tongji University team led by Professor CHANG Qing assumed responsibility for the district's preserving and regenerating.

Firstly, the team restored the winding cross street structure of Niuhua Lane and Huizheng Lane, recreated the courtyard cluster texture and the traditional alleyways and sites, adjusted the street scale appropriately, increased the planned roads and public spaces moderately,and approached the heritage sites prudently.Secondly, the team innovatively reconstructed the demolished buildings at the borders of the historic district and modern urban area by providing two alternatives. The first option was to establish a city square and a pleasant social space outside the surviving historic building,"Tu's Villa". The second option was to maintain the continuity of urban interface and build a new Moon Lake exhibition hall along West Zhongshan Road, adopting a flat and straight silhouette to achieve a rhythmic matching with the sloping lines of the side walls of the Tu's Villa, just as in classical Chinese poetry. Thirdly, the team resolved the adaptation challenge between the restored and a few newly constructed buildings.That is, when wooden materials from demolished buildings were used for restoration, "analogous"modern spatial elements were inserted internally, steel and wooden components were combined and assembled to form beams and pillars, walls, doors and windows, allowing the interior environment control to essentially meet the design specifications.

1 屠氏別業夜景Night view of Tu's Villa

2 衛星圖中的街區肌理（2009/2010/2011）The changing fabric of the district in the satellite image (2009/2010/2011)

3 街區再生總平面Site plan of the historic district regeneration

In conclusion, despite its modest size, this case is of general significance for reflecting on and exploring the past and present redevelopment of old cities in China. It investigates the path and paradigm of urbanisation, urban-rural transformation, and the relationship between conservation and renewal, and is experimental from both a theoretical and practical standpoint.□(Translated by ZHU Yayun)

項目評論

我作為寧波象山人，早年因參與指導由我院承擔的寧波天一閣一期改造工程，便對月湖有了一些場所認知。2009-2011 年“月湖事件”令占地約1.9hm2的歷史文化街區遭到了拆改重建，使其歷史空間肌理幾近解體。為“亡羊補牢”，恢復被無序拆除的月湖西區北片街區，同濟大學常青教授團隊承擔了該項艱巨任務，這的確是一個有關城市織補從傳統更新到歷史環境再生的典型案例。對社會而言，這項工程承擔著傳承歷史、織補功能和做活產業的現實意義。我曾有機會學習了《寧波月湖西區北片再生設計研究》，認為它對我國今后在城市更新過程中具有重要的學術價值，其研究對策有三：

（1）尊重歷史，接受現實，因勢利導，把握時機與條件，把“月湖事件”引向化解矛盾、平衡各種利益訴求的軌道。

（2）在確保歷史文化街區性質不變、保留街區原有結構和肌理不變的前提下，使其空間和功能在有機更新中得到再生，把握居住、商業和公益三部分的恰當比例，兼顧經濟效益、環境效益和社會效益。

（3）修景、補景、造景三者并舉，維修現有保護建筑，以“舊瓶新膽”手法恢復已被拆除的建議歷史建筑，在街區與城市界面上重建歷史語境下的新建筑。

這3 條策略非常具有時代性與學術意義，目前就建成情況而言，先前的研究與愿景基本得到了較完整的實現，尤其在整體街巷空間尺度的把控上是非常得體的，體現出歷史文化街區多元復合的文化氣質，并在更新中得到了再生。在深入剖析作品的過程中，我也注意到新建部分建筑單體的平屋頂尺度與材料工藝細節，似乎與傳統的瓦屋面存在著尺度上的明顯差異，其相融性與對話似乎弱了一些。另外一點，就我個人對特定場所的理解而言，對于中山西路的邊界處理，我也許更傾向于接受方案二的空間特質，我喜歡那種內斂中透射出新時代特有的“和合共生”的活力。一點拙見，也當是一次真誠的遇見與思考。

董丹申

浙江大學建筑設計研究院總建筑師

4 修復后鳥瞰Aerial view of the historic district after revitalisation

5 實施方案入口廣場實景Entrance plaza view of the implementation scheme

6 實施方案入口廣場效果Entrance plaza rendering of the implementation scheme

7 實施方案總平面Site plan of the implementation scheme

Comments

As a native of Xiangshan, Ningbo, I got to know some characteristics of the Moon Lake historic area after I was involved in the supervision of the first phase of the rehabilitation project of Ningbo Tianyi Pavilion (Pavilion of Heaven's Oneness) undertaken by our institute.Unfortunately, the "Moon Lake incident" from 2009 to 2011 resulted in the demolition and reconstruction of the approximate 1.9 hm2historic area, which nearly disintegrated its historic urban fabrics. After that, the team led by Professor CHANG Qing from Tongji University undertook the challenging task of restoring the disorderly demolished northern part of the western district of the area. This is a classic example of "urban bricolage" from conventional urban renewal to the regeneration of historic environment. This project assumes the practical significance of transmitting history, revamping functions and revitalising businesses. After examining the project design concepts, I hold the view that it has vital academic value for China in the future urban regeneration process. It contains three key design concepts.

Firstly, to respect history, accept reality,make the best of a bad situation, and seize the opportunity and condition, leading the "Moon Lake incident" in the proper direction toward resolving conflicts and balancing various interests.

Secondly, on the premise of preserving the historic district's characteristics and its original structure and texture, to regenerate its space and functions through the process of organic renewal,ascertain an appropriate proportion of residential,commercial and public welfare components, and take environmental, social, and economic benefits into account.

8 修繕后的建筑內院Inner courtyard after renovation

9 備選方案內庭效果Inner courtyard rendering of alternative scheme

10 備選方案臨街立面效果Street view rendering of alternative scheme

11 備選方案鳥瞰Aerial view rendering of alternative scheme

Thirdly, to maintain the existing protected buildings through a combination of restoration,supplement and creation; to restore the designated historic buildings that have been demolished using the "new wine in old bottles"method; to construct new buildings in the historical context at the interface of the district and city.

These three strategies are academically significant and contemporary in spirit. In the completed portion of the project, the previous research and vision have been fundamentally realised, particularly in the control of the overall spatial scale of the streets and alleys, which is very appropriate and reflects the diverse and composite cultural temperament of the historic area. In the process of analysing the work in depth, however, I noticed that the scale of the flat roofs and craft details of some of the new buildings appear to be obviously different in scale from the traditional tile roofs, and that their compatibility and dialogue appear to be weaker. In addition, in terms of my personal understanding of a specific place, I may prefer to accept the spatial characteristics of the second option for the border treatment of West Zhongshan Road,and I appreciate the "harmony and symbiosis",which is unique to the new era, exuding from the unassuming features. This note is nothing but my humble opinion, but also serves as a genuine encounter and reflection. (Translated by ZHU Yayun)