頤和路歷史文化街區文物建筑修繕工程設計，南京，江蘇

2022-10-25 08:24:56魯安東,ZHUYayun

世界建筑 2022年10期

關鍵詞：歷史建筑文化

設計主持：常青

方案設計：張鵬，趙英亓

合作設計：張雨慧，樊怡君，辛靜，門暢，馬松瑞，劉偉

結構設計：陳海翔

設備設計：徐鐘駿，秦卓歡，代鵬

景觀設計：邱楓

泛光照明設計：楊秀

結構形式：磚木結構

場地面積：6251m2

建筑面積：3214m2

建筑高度：14m以下

設計時間：2018-2021

竣工時間：2021

攝影：項目工作組

Principal Architect: CHANG Qing

Schematic Design: ZHANG Peng,ZHAO Yingqi Cooperative Architects: ZHANG Yuhui,FAN Yijun, XIN Jing, MEN Chang,MA Songrui, LIU Wei

Structural Engineer: CHEN Haixiang Mechanical Engineers: XU Zhongjun,QIN Zhuohuan, DAI Peng

Landscape Design: QIU Feng

Floodlight Design: YANG Xiu

Structure: Brick and timber structure

Site Area: 6251 m2

Floor Area: 3214 m2

Building Height: Under 14 m

Design Period: 2018-2021

Completion Time: 2021

Photos: Project team

頤和路歷史文化街區位于江蘇省南京市鼓樓區，是中國首批公布的30 個歷史文化街區之一，其路網格局、街道和建筑風貌特色集中體現了民國時期南京《首都計劃》的理念。11片區位于頤和路歷史文化街區的南端，是街區復興的首期實驗區。片區包括由院墻分隔的10 個獨立院落和9 棟鼓樓區不可移動文物建筑。院落內改加建普遍，歷史風貌被破壞，開放空間被侵占，街區整體封閉性強、公共性低。

設計從評估片區內建筑價值并精確分類開始，采取“留、改、拆、加”的處置策略：針對文物建筑，依據最小干預原則對其進行修復以復原其風貌；針對風貌建筑，在保留整體形象的基礎上加入可識別的現代元素以提高其適用性；拆除搭建建筑釋放公共空間并增加院落景觀，打造新舊共生的建筑空間。在保留已有院墻、恢復部分已毀院墻以保持獨立式院落格局的前提下，通過局部圍墻打開連通院落，結合“留、改、拆、加”建筑處置策略引導人流，將現狀獨立式封閉院落轉化為聯通式開放院落。清理沿街商鋪，恢復“圍墻—輔房—主樓”三者由近及遠、由低到高的沿街立面秩序。沿街圍墻依照歷史圖紙復原，圍墻開口位置及寬度根據院落的開放程度確定。

11 片區設計、施工歷時3 年多，已于2021 年12 月正式開街。街區內引入了寶龍美術館等文創功能業態和精品商業，2022 年五一假期，在11 片區舉辦了“城市文藝集市派對”。再生的頤和路歷史文化街區11 片區已煥發出全新的活力，成為南京市民回憶過往、游覽休閑的絕佳公共空間，也成為頤和路歷史文化街區保護再生的首發示范區?！?/p>

The Yihe Road Historic District, situated in Gulou District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province,was listed in the first batch of 30 Historic and Cultural Districts in China. Its street pattern and the buildings' spatial characteristics represent the ideals envisioned in theCapital Plan of Nanking duringthe Republic of China(1912-1949). The 11th Subdistrict, being the first experimental area for the regeneration of Yihe Road Historic District, is located on its southern end. It comprises 10 freestanding courtyard houses that are separated from each other by enclosing walls and nine immovable cultural heritage buildings of Gulou District. The courtyard houses, however, have been severely altered, their historical styles lost, and the common space encroached upon by improvised structures. The whole neighbourhood appears isolated, and its public functions are limited.

The design starts with a thorough evaluation and classification of the buildings in the subdistrict,and then adopts the strategy of "preserving, remodelling, demolishing and supplementing",which can be further summarised in the following details. Regarding the listed heritage buildings,restoring to their original appearances according to the principle of minimal intervention; regarding the ordinary historic buildings, incorporating distinctive modern elements to enhance their applicability, while preserving their overall architectural characteristics; and regarding the improvised-added structures, demolishing them to make public space available and replacing them with courtyard landscape designs, in order to create an architectural space where the old and the new coexist.

1 寧海路修繕后街景View of Ninghai Road after restoration

2 頤和路11片區修繕后軸測Axonometric view of the 11th Subdistrict of Yihe Road after restoration

33 赤壁路5號修繕前No.5, Chibi Road before restoration

4 莫干路2號修繕前No.2, Mogan Road before restoration

On the level of the street blocks, the design preserves the existing walls and rebuilds the damaged walls to maintain the form of freestanding courtyards, while partially opening a portion of the walls to connect the courtyards and facilitating human movement so as to transform the independently closed courtyard into an interconnected open one. It also cleans up the street-front shops and restores the threelayered spatial order of "wall-auxiliary roommain house", from closest to furthest and lowest to highest. The street-front walls are restored according to historical drawings, and the location and width of the gates are determined in accordance with the courtyards' openness.

After three years of design and construction,the revitalised 11th Subdistrict was finally inaugurated in December 2021. The neighbourhood attracted cultural products shops and boutique stores such as the Powerlong Museum. In 2022,it hosted the "Urban Arts and Market Festival"over the May Day vacations. This rejuvenated quarter is vibrant with life, creating a delightful public space for the inhabitants of Nanjing to reminisce about the past, visit, and unwind. It has become the first example of the conservation and regeneration of the Yihe Road Historic District.□ (Translated by ZHU Yayun)

項目評論

頤和路歷史文化街區始自1929 年《首都計劃》中規劃的新式住宅區，依循霍華德“花園城市”的理念，以獨棟花園式洋房為主，并配有小學、市場、菜場、污水處理廠等現代城市配套設施。其住宅建筑本身并不高大奢華，但整個街區卻有著高度自覺的“模范”雄心。它承載著國民政府對現代首都和新式居住的倡導與示范作用，與其形式相匹配的是對生活方式的改造和對城市社會的改良。因此，頤和路歷史文化街區應該視作中國城市現代化的一個獨特的實驗樣本。

同濟大學常青院士團隊自2019 年起對這一街區的保護與再生設計，不僅在“留、改、拆、加”的細致工作中展現了出色的專業性，更為可貴的是對街區的空間形態和物質載體背后潛在的“理想性”與“都市性”的整體學術把握。這反映在很多細節中，尤其是對于院落結構和街廓形態的精心處理，例如通過保留已有院墻、恢復已毀院墻和運用鋪地變化提示院墻痕跡等手法，呈現獨立式院落的肌理，又如對“圍墻—輔房—主樓”3 個層次的沿街立面秩序的重視與重現。正是由于對這些歷史環境要素的準確把握，才使得開放后的街區充分展現了民國“理想住宅”的特色與意蘊，正如1935 年陳岳麟在《南京市之住宅問題》中描述的“每宅雖占地不過一二畝，亦整齊美麗，設備齊全?！贬溽嗥溟g，感知“現代理想城市”的歷史片段，這是學術研究對于實踐的價值。

魯安東

南京大學建筑與城市規劃學院教授

英國劍橋大學沃夫森學院院士

5 赤壁路5號修繕后No.5, Chibi Road after restoration

6 莫干路2號修繕后No.2, Mogan Road after restoration

Comments

The Yihe Road Historic District in Nanjing,Jiangsu Province, has its origin in the new-style residential quarter envisioned in theCapital Plan of Nankingin 1929. Inspired by Ebenezer Howard's "garden city" concept, the residential area is dominated by Western-style garden villas equipped with modern infrastructure and municipal facilities such as primary schools,marketplaces, food courts, sewage treatment plants, etc. Even though the houses are not necessarily grand and luxurious, the entire quarter aspired to be a "model" with great confidence by serving as a showcase for the National Government's vision of modern capital and a new way of life. Its modern appearance can only be matched by lifestyle reform and urban society improvement. Consequently, the Yihe Road Historic District should be viewed as a unique experimental example of China's city modernisation.

The conservation and regeneration of this district, carried out by the team at Tongji University since 2019 led by Academician CHANG Qing, have not only demonstrated the outstanding professionalism in the meticulous work of "preserving, re-modelling, demolishing and supplementing", but have also provided a comprehensive academic insight into the"ideality" and "urbanity" underlying the spatial form and material embodiment of the district.This is represented in numerous details, most notably in the scrupulous treatment of the courtyard layout and the city block design.Various design solutions, such as conserving the existing walls, rebuilding the damaged walls, andmodifying paving patterns to reveal the vestiges of the walls, brought the texture of freestanding courtyards to light. Another example is the street fronts, which emphasise and recreate the threelayered hierarchy of "wall-auxiliary room-main house". Due to the accurate assessment of these historic environmental aspects, the renovated district embodies the feature and meaning of "ideal housing" in the Republic of China.As described in CHEN Yuelin's piece in 1935,Housing in Nanking, "each residence is orderly,elegant, and well-equipped, despite being just one or two acres in size". The historical episodes of this "modern ideal city" are felt when one wanders through the district; this is the value of academic research for professional practice. (Translated by ZHU Yayun)