汨羅屈原博物館一期
——屈子書院設計，岳陽，湖南

設計主持：常青，華耘

方案設計：常青，劉偉

合作設計：齊瑩，周易知，吳雨航，

趙英亓，劉思遠

結構設計：熊本松

設備設計：繆斌，強建鶴，王銘

結構形式：木結構

場地面積：48,481m2

建筑面積：4355m2

建筑高度：11.2m

設計時間：2010-2016

竣工時間：2018

攝影：張嗣燁，趙英亓，馬松瑞，

譚樹剛

Principal Architects: CHANG Qing,HUA Yun

Schematic Design: CHANG Qing,LIU Wei

Cooperative Architects: QI Ying,

ZHOU Yizhi, WU Yuhang, ZHAO Yingqi,

LIU Siyuan

Structural Engineer: XIONG Bensong

Mechanical Engineers: MIAO Bin,

QIANG Jianhe, WANG Ming

Structure: Wooden structure

Site Area: 48,481 m2

Floor Area: 4355 m2

Building Height: 11.2 m

Design Period: 2010-2016

Completion Time: 2018

Photos: ZHANG Siye, ZHAO Yingqi,

MA Songrui, TAN Shugang

湖南汨羅的屈子書院歷史上曾是國家重點文物保護單位屈子祠的組成部分，初建于宋大中祥符年間（1008-1017），故址在今汨羅城北。清乾隆十八年（1753），書院隨屈子祠遷往汨羅江畔玉笥山現址，1960 年代書院部分被拆除。屈子書院重建工程為國家重點文化工程，2010 年，常青率團隊承擔了該工程的設計任務，并配合了全過程施工，2018 年該項目竣工使用。

書院選址位于汨羅市北郊規劃建設中的屈子文化園西北，處在屈子祠保護區東北建控地帶的丘陵——玉笥山上。書院建筑群采用典型的江右書院多進四合院空間布局，由中、東、西并列的三路院落構成，涵蓋博覽、講座、研討、書畫、觀演等功能空間。

書院形態設計摒棄了對某個朝代古建筑的風格仿古，特別著意于楚風原型意象與湖湘風土特征的表達。如將《楚辭》原型意象與屈原時代的建筑遺風相類比，如偶數開間、東西階、中柱、跌落式屋頂等典型特征。書院的穿斗式木構全部采用天然防腐防蟲的硬質巴蒂木為主材，柱子直接承檁，進深柱列以穿枋橫向相連，同時加入湖湘風土的穿枋挑檐、懸山側披等傳統做法，與屈子祠的清代風格及文物環境既基因與共，又和而不同。

總之，屈子書院古風創意設計拓展了與古為新的探索方向，即以批判性詮釋傳統，將實存、史實和想象融為一體，為文物保護建控地帶的建筑創作提供了新途徑，獲上海市建筑學會2019 年建筑創作獎優秀獎、中國建筑學會建筑設計獎歷史文化保護傳承創新獎二等獎。□

The Quzi Academy, formerly a component of the Temple of QU Yuan, was founded in the north of today's Miluo City, Hunan Province, during the reign of Dazhong Xiangfu(1008-1017) in the Song Dynasty (960-1279).In the 18th year of Emperor Qianlong reign(1753), the academy, along with the temple,was relocated to the present-day site of Mount Yusi by the Miluo River, where it remained until the 1960s. Currently, the Temple of QU Yuan is a National Protected Cultural Heritage Site,and the reconstruction of the Quzi Academy is a major national cultural project. Since 2010,the team led by Professor CHANG Qing from Tongji University had designed this project and participated in every stage of construction. The academy was inaugurated in 2017.

The academy is located in the northwest of the ongoing project of Qu Yuan Culture Park in the northern suburb of Miluo City, perching on Mount Yusi, a hill in the northeastern designated buffer zone of the protected site of the Temple of Qu Yuan. Its building complex adopts the spatial layout of the multi-row courtyard houses of traditional academies in the Jiangyou region,with three routes of side-by-side courtyards in the middle, east, and west, covering spaces for exhibitions, lectures, seminars, calligraphy and paintings, performances, etc.

The form of the academy abandons the imitation of a certain dynasty's architecture style and focuses particularly on the manifestation of the prototype imagery of the south-China Churegional style and Huxiang's vernacular features, asexemplified by the analogising of prototype images in theChu Ci(Songs of Chu) with the architectural legacy of Qu Yuan's era (340-278 BCE), such as the typical features of even-numbered bays along the fa?ade, the "east and west stairs", central columns and cascading roofs. The academy's columnand-tie-beam timber framework is constructed entirely of the natural anticorrosive and insect repellent bilinga hardwood, with the columns directly supporting the purlins and the tie-beams horizontally linking the vertical rows of columns.Additionally, the vernacular Huxiang architectural elements such as projecting eaves supported by tie-beams and overhanging roofs with attached gable eaves are employed. All of these coexist with the Qing-dynasty style Temple of Qu Yuan and its historic environment, being "in harmony yet different" (he er butong).

1 沅湘堂南側外景South view of Yuanxiang Hall

2 鳥瞰Aerial view

3 “萬古楚騷”牌坊"Wangu Chusao" Memorial Gateway

5 沅湘堂立面Yuanxiang Hall elevation

6 上古時代的跌落式屋頂想象圖Imagery of the cascading roofs in ancientN times

7 沅湘堂北側外景North view of Yuanxiang Hall

8 山墻細部Gable detail

Overall, the re-created ancient style of the Quzi Academy broadens the vision of"endowing the old with the new"(yugu weixin),offering a new path for architecture design in the buffer zone of the protected heritage site through a critical interpretation of tradition and integration of the existing sites, historical facts, and imagination. The design won the 2019 Excellent Architecture Creation Award of the Architectural Society of Shanghai, and the Second-class Prize in the Architectural Design Award of the Architectural Society of China for its preservation and innovation of history and culture.□ (Translated by ZHU Yayun)

9 獨醒樓Duxing Building

10 水庭及求索堂Water Court and Qiusuo Hall

11 求索堂東翼廊道East wing corridor of Qiusuo Hall

12 沅湘堂室內Interior view of Yuanxiang Hall

13 獨醒樓室內Interior view of Duxing Building

14 丹墀及牌坊Steps and Memorial Gateway

項目評論

汨羅屈子書院設計——還原歷史的新探索

湖南汨羅是春秋戰國時期著名愛國詩人屈原投江的地方。屈原去世后，汨羅人民在此修建了屈子祠以為紀念，后來又建了書院，可惜在歷年戰亂中被毀。汨羅市政府在此重建屈子書院具有重要的歷史紀念意義。

重建的屈子書院在建筑風格上力求古樸。在建筑造型上追求春秋至秦漢時期的直線坡屋頂風格；對中國古建筑早期雙數開間的“東西階”制度進行了有益的探索；建筑色調上追求楚漢時代的古樸風格……而所有這一切并不是簡單的仿古，而是具有創造性地對遠古歷史的追尋。

建筑的材料和施工工藝也非常精致。建成之后，汨羅地方政府將它開辟為公益性的書院講堂，起到了很好的社會作用。

總之，這是一件值得全力推介的優秀建筑作品。

柳肅

湖南大學建筑學院教授

Comments

Design of Quzi Academy: A New Exploration of Restoring History

Miluo, Hunan Province, is where the renowned patriotic poet QU Yuan (c. 340-278 BCE) during the Warring States periods (c.475-221 BCE) committed suicide by jumping into the river. In memory of QU Yuan, the people of Miluo built the Temple of QU Yuan and, later, the Academy, which was regrettably destroyed during the social upheavals. In 2010,the Municipal Government of Miluo decided to rebuild the historically significant Quzi Academy.

The reconstructed Quzi Academy strives for a simple and understated aesthetic. In terms of architectural style, it adheres to the straightlined sloping roof prevalent between the Spring and Autumn period (c. 770-476 BCE) and the Qin and Han dynasties (221 BCE-220 CE). It also demonstrates experimentation with the practice of even-numbered bays along the fa?ade and the"east and west stairs" system of early Chinese classical architecture. As far as the architectural tone is concerned, it seeks the style of purity and simplicity throughout the Chu-Han Period.All these endeavours are not merely replicas of the past; rather, they represent an innovative search for antiquity. Likewise, the materials and construction details are exquisite. After its completion, the Miluo government opened it as a public lecture hall with an important social purpose.

In a word, this is an outstanding architectural achievement that deserves full endorsement.(Translated by ZHU Yayun)