大觀樓方案設計，常州，江蘇

設計主持：常青

方案設計：常青，劉偉，劉瀛澤

合作設計：吳雨航，顧金怡

結構形式：鋼結構+鋼筋混凝土結構

場地面積：44,594m2

建筑面積：32,610m2

建筑高度：89m

設計時間：2022

Principal Architect: CHANG Qing

Schematic Design: CHANG Qing,LIU Wei, LIU Yingze

Cooperative Architects: WU Yuhang,

GU Jinyi

Structure: Steel structure + reinforced

concrete structure

Site Area: 44,594 m2

Floor Area: 32,610 m2

Building Height: 89 m

Design Time: 2022

歷史上的大觀樓是常州府衙前的門樓，故址在北大街西側健身路與大觀路相交處，始建于唐末，后毀，明正統重建。史載高逾百尺，登上可盡覽周邊常州風光，故號 “三吳第一樓”，惜毀于民國初戰火。盡管常州社會各界對重建大觀樓的呼聲不斷，但由于歷史圖像資料的缺失和建成環境現狀，已不可能在大觀樓原址實現這一愿景了。但重建方案選址仍在老城廂西側，較好的選擇是在古運河與關河交匯的三角狀城市公共綠地內，重建后的大觀樓將集城市景觀、豎向會展、文化消費于一體。

由于其不可替代的歷史文化價值和城市記憶載體，重建大觀樓勢在必行。設計主持人常青認為，重建不是復原，不應把大觀樓做成隨處可見的平庸仿古建筑，而是應“與古為新”，將這座歷史地標以現代方式再現出來，創造出常州特色、古韻今風的新大觀樓，并與天寧寶塔東西照應，遂將之概括為：

“東塔西樓，極目常州，洋洋大觀，亦壯亦秀”。

也就是說，第一要符合“三吳第一樓”的地標身份，登臨其上，可望盡老城廂周邊的常州風光和古今景觀；第二要具有令人嘆為觀止的磅礴大氣和前無古人；第三要兼有常州傳統樓閣的壯美和秀美，突顯其風采和神韻。

樓體采用鋼結構，層數外五內九，突出古典形式美的創造性轉化和創新性類比。設計創意再現了明代大觀樓重建時期，江南盛行一時的盝頂+歇山十字脊造型（見于廣為流傳的明代仇英等人的此類樓閣畫作），以及出檐深遠、回廊角亭、屋面抱廈等細部特征，均與國內現有傳統樓閣造型不相雷同。□

Located at the intersection of today's Jianshen Road and Daguan Road on the west side of Beida Avenue, the former Daguan Tower (Grand Prospect Tower) was the gate tower in front of the Changzhou Prefectural Government Site. It was originally built during the late Tang Dynasty(618-907), destroyed, and reconstructed during the reign of Ming Emperor Zhengtong (1435-1449). Historical records show that it stood over 100 chi high and boasted a view of Changzhou and its environs, earning it the name "Number One Tower in the Wu Region". Nonetheless, it was destroyed during the civil war in the early Republic of China (1912-1949). Due to the lack of historical visual materials and current built environment, it is difficult to realise this vision on the original site despite repeated appeals for its reconstruction from all sectors of Changzhou society.

However, the Daguan Tower must be rebuilt due to its irreplaceable historical and cultural value and its ability to evoke urban memory. The proposed site for its reconstruction is still on the west side of the old walled city, where a triangleshaped urban public green at the confluence of the old Grand Canal and the Guan River is the preferred choice. Urban landscape, vertical exhibition space and cultural consumption will be incorporated into the reconstructed Daguan Tower. The chief architect CHANG Qing holds the view that reconstruction is not restoration,so instead of erecting a trite pseudo-classical building that has been sprouting up everywhere,architects should "collaging the new with the old"(yugu weixin), recreate this historical landmark in a modern way, and design a new Daguan Tower full of local characteristics, ancient charm and contemporary flavours, as well as matching the pagoda of Tianning Temple, its counterpart in the east. The design concepts can be summarised in the following manner:

"To the east a pagoda, to the west a tower,Changzhou lies before one's eyes. This view so vast and billowing, possessed of grace and power."

In other words, the new tower must first confirm its status as the "Number One Tower in the Wu Region", from which you can obtain a full view of the scenery of Changzhou, both ancient and contemporary. Second, it should show breathtaking grandeur and pathbreaking originality.Third, it should possess the power and grace of Changzhou's traditional towers and pavilions,accentuating their imagery and charm.

The design proposed a steel structure with five storeys on the exterior and nine on the interior,emphasising the innovative transformation and creative analogy of the classical form aesthetics.The design reproduces the lu-shaped (box-shaped)rooftop combined with a hip-and-gable roof and cross-shaped ridges, as seen in widely circulated paintings by Ming Dynasty painters such as QIU Ying (1494-1552), which were prevailing over the Jiangnan region at the time of the Tower's reconstruction during the Ming Dynasty. The design also recreates the intricate elements of far-reaching eaves, winding verandas, corniced pavilions and front porticos, distinguishing it from the styles of other existing ancient Chinese towers.□(Translated by ZHU Yayun)

4 總平面Site plan

項目評論

古風古韻，此時此地——解讀常州大觀樓古韻創意設計

常州地處中吳，傳自春秋。大觀樓始建于唐，復建于明，惜毀于民國之初。今日常州，百業興盛，乃整理文史，修復景致，邀請常青院士，主持大觀樓重建設計。方案展現了3 個創新：選址、形制、做法。

（1）選址：東塔西樓，枕流此地

大觀樓原在府衙前，原址重建，已無可能。方案選擇用“東塔西樓”的布局方式，在老城廂西端古運河與關河交匯的三角綠地內（止園勝境將以“觀止園”名再現于此）確定新址，與天寧寺塔東西相望，大觀樓枕流而建，三面看水，兩邊倒影，成為城市景觀的新格局。

（2）形制：明風尚在，古韻回響，

大觀樓的設計追求的是古韻，呼應實存環境和時代精神。從明代仇英等畫家的作品中尋找要素，將當時盛行的盝頂搭配歇山十字脊以及出檐深遠、回廊角亭、屋面抱廈等形象特征一一再現。樓體采用鋼結構，層數外五內九，在傳承中呈現新的形制。

（3）做法：當代表達，銘刻此時

材料和構建形式的做法，是合乎當代的。建筑立面，沒有用仿木的折衷暗示，而是刻下了時代的印記。屋頂、欄桿、寶瓶、斜脊等，與古風照應，用現代材料。最精彩的是檐下的處理，在古建筑斗栱處，用“鋪作”的思路設計了3 層依疊出挑的金屬板，板間有方塊構建襯托，仿佛是斗栱的化身，是具有古典主義意味的創新做法。

李振宇

同濟大學建筑與城市規劃學院原院長、教授

上海建筑學會副理事長

5 鳥瞰日景Rendering of aerial view

6 剖面Section

7 平面Plan

8 夜景Night view

Comments

Ancient Imagery, Ancient Resonance;Right Here, Right Now: Explications of the Re-creative Design of Daguan Tower

Changzhou, situated in Central Wu region, can trace its history back to the Spring and Autumn period (770-476 BCE). The Daguan Tower (Grand Prospect Tower) was first constructed during the Tang Dynasty (618-907), rebuilt during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), and then tragically demolished at the beginning of the Republic of China (1912-1949). With its flourishing economy,today's Changzhou has started to assemble literature and history and restore its urban landscape. Therefore, Academician CHANG Qing was invited to preside over the reconstruction of the Daguan Tower. His design proposal demonstrates three innovations: site selection,form configuration, and treatment of the details.

(1) Site Selection: Pagoda to the East, Tower to the West, Lying Between Rivers

The original location of Daguan Tower was in front of the former prefectural administration,however, it is no longer possible to reconstruct it there. The design offers a "pagoda to the east and tower to the west" layout and selects a triangleshaped urban public green at the confluence of the old Grand Canal and the Guan River as the new site, being still on the western side of the old walled city. This area will be used for the scenic sites of the former Zhiyuan Garden(Garden of Repose), with the name changed to Guanzhi Garden (Garden of Supreme Prospect).The Daguan Tower will overlook waterways and face the pagoda of the Tianning Temple (Temple of Heavenly Peace). Surrounded by water from three sides, and with its shadow reflected on their surface, the tower will become a new urban landscape attraction for the city.

(2) Form Configuration: A Reimagination of Ming Imagery, An Echo of Ancient Charm

The design of the Daguan Tower pursues both the ancient charms and the living environment and the zeitgeist. It incorporates elements from the works of the renowned Ming Dynasty painters such as QIU Ying (1494-1552),and reimagines the then-popular lu-shaped (boxshaped) top combined with a hip-and-gable roof and cross-shaped ridges. In addition, it recreates the salient features of far-reaching eaves,meandering verandas, corniced pavilions and front porticos. The tower is made of steel and has five storeys on the exterior and nine on the interior, presenting an innovative form arising from the inherited tradition.

(3) Detail Treatment: Expressing the Contemporary, Celebrating the Present

Modern materials and construction techniques were utilised in the design of the Daguan Tower.Instead of adopting imitation wood, which conveys a sense of compromise, the fa?ade is composed of current flavour. Roofs, balustrades, the golden bottle mounted on the tower's finial, sloping ridges,and other elements are constructed with modern materials that complement the old imagery. The most remarkable characteristic is the design of the portion below the eaves. Inspired by the concept ofpuzuo(bracket layers), three overlapping layers of metal boards are constructed with supporting square blocks in between in the area where the dougong (bracket sets) shall have been positioned.They appear to be the manifestation of thedougong,an innovation grounded in tradition. (Translated by ZHU Yayun)