




摘 要:【目的】在全雙工干擾接收機隱蔽通信系統中,由于非法檢測用戶所在位置的不確定性和信道狀態的隨機性,導致合法用戶很難對發射功率和傳輸速率進行準確把控。為此,提出一種速率自適應的隱蔽通信設計方案。【方法】該方案在保證通信滿足隱蔽約束條件的前提下,通過減少信道狀態與傳輸速率不匹配情況發生,降低系統隱蔽中斷概率。【結果】仿真分析結果表明,在一定隱蔽中斷概率約束條件下,根據估計信道的狀態來自適應匹配傳輸速率,將有助于降低隱蔽通信系統的中斷概率。【結論】因此,速率自適應將有助于提高隱蔽通信系統的可通性。
關鍵詞:隱蔽通信;全雙工干擾接收機;速率自適應;平均隱蔽概率;隱蔽中斷概率
中圖分類號:TN914.42" " "文獻標志碼:A" " 文章編號:1003-5168(2023)13-0006-05
DOI:10.19968/j.cnki.hnkj.1003-5168.2023.13.001
Design of Rate Adaptive Covert Communication with a Full-Duplex
Interference Receiver
LI Sisi FANG Liang WU Shanhua
(School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China)
Abstract: [Purposes] In a full-duplex interference receiver covert communication system, it is difficult for the legitimate user to accurately control the transmit power and transmission rate due to the uncertain location of the illegal detection user and the randomness of the channel state. To this end, a rate adaptive covert communication design scheme is proposed. [Methods] The scheme reduces the covert outage probability of the system by reducing the occurrence of the mismatch between the channel state and transmission rate while ensuring that the communication satisfies the covert constraints. [Findings] Simulation analysis shows that the rate adaptive scheme based on the estimated channel state is helpful to reduce the transmission outage probability of the covert communication system under certain constraint of the covert outage probability. [Conclusions] Therefore, rate adaptive will be helpful to improve the connectivity of covert communication system.
Keywords: covert communication; full-duplex interference receiver; rate adaptive;average covert probability; covert outage probability
0 引言
隨著無線通信技術的發展,無線通信已代替有線通信,成為人們日常首選的通信方式,每時每刻都有海量信息通過無線網絡進行傳輸,在極大方便人們生活的同時,也對信息安全傳輸提出更高要求。由于無線信道具有廣播特性,用無線傳輸方式傳輸的信息易被非法用戶檢測和截獲,導致信息傳輸風險增加。傳統的信息安全技術(如信息加密、物理層安全)都是基于阻止非法用戶對信息進行正確破解這一思想對系統進行設計,雖然在很大程度上能保證傳輸信息內容的安全性,但卻無法對通信行為進行隱藏[1]。在一些特殊場景中,發信用戶一旦暴露,往往會成為非法用戶干擾、攻擊,甚至是摧毀的對象,這無疑會提高信息傳輸的風險。
為解決這一問題,將人工噪聲引入到隱蔽通信系統中,依靠其對合法用戶發射信號的掩護來進一步降低隱蔽通信中斷概率。有研究表明,利用人工噪聲能實現更為靈活的隱蔽通信系統設計,并能達成更高的隱蔽通信速率[6]。在現有針對人工噪聲下隱蔽通信系統的研究中,基于全雙工干擾接收機的隱蔽通信系統是近年來的一個研究熱點[7-8]。該系統接收機采用全雙工的工作模式,能在接收信號的同時發射人工噪聲,來擾亂非法檢測用戶的正確檢測。不僅如此,該系統還易于實現抑制或消除人工噪聲對合法接收的影響,從而實現較高的隱蔽通信速率。
本研究對全雙工干擾接收機的隱蔽通信系統進行研究。首先,通過對系統的平均隱蔽概率進行推導,假設非法檢測用戶始終位于最優檢測位置,得到滿足隱蔽約束條件的合法用戶發射功率。其次,通過對隱蔽中斷概率進行推導,得到信道狀態與傳輸速率間的關系。最后,通過系統仿真對所提出的方法的隱蔽通信性能進行驗證和分析。
1 系統模型
1.1 通信場景
考慮到存在非法檢測用戶的隱蔽通信系統,合法發射用戶Alice發射信號到合法接收用戶Bob,并希望這一通信行為不被非法檢測用戶Willie發現。假設用戶Alice、Bob和Willie都只配備一根天線,且用戶Bob為全雙工干擾接收機,系統模型如圖1所示。
1.2 Willie檢測
2 全雙工干擾接收機速率自適應隱蔽通信設計
2.1 平均隱蔽概率
2.2 隱蔽中斷概率
2.3 全雙工干擾接收機速率自適應隱蔽通信設計
3 仿真分析
3.1 速率自適應隱蔽通信方案的平均隱蔽概率
3.2 速率自適應隱蔽通信方案的隱蔽中斷概率
4 結語
本研究提出一種全雙工干擾接收機速率自適應的隱蔽通信設計方法,能根據信道的狀態來自適應匹配傳輸速率,從而降低隱蔽中斷概率。同時,該方法通過假設非法檢測用戶始終處于最優檢測位置的條件下,來對發射方的發射功率進行限制,從而保證在無法準確獲知非法檢測用戶準確位置的條件下,合法用戶的發射功率仍能滿足隱蔽約束條件。仿真結果也驗證了推導結論的合理性和所提出方案的可行性。
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