英文目錄、 摘要及關(guān)鍵詞

STUDIES ON PARTY AND GOVERNMENT

（Bimonthly）

No.62024（Serial No.189）

The Path， Key Points and Direction of Further Advancing Comprehensive Deepening of Reform：In Depth Study of the Spirit of the 20th CPC Central Committee’s Third Plenary SessionZHANG Xia-Heng 4

〔Abstract〕China’s reform and opening up has undergone over 40 years of practical testing. As it now enters a new phase of further comprehensive deepening of reforms， it is essential to explore the historical evolution behind this process. The development trajectory of these all-encompassing reforms can be categorized into four distinct stages： the embryonic stage， the early exploration stage， the formation stage， and the initial stage of comprehensively deepening reforms. Simultaneously， by reflecting on and learning from the successful experiences garnered throughout the reform and opening-up journey， we observe a unity and continuity between these efforts and what are termed the “four insistences.” Analyzing this progression reveals that while there are commonalities in key focal points pre- and post-comprehensive deepening reforms， notable differences exist as well. In particular， comprehensive deepening reforms introduce numerous new requirements and directions. In light of this foundation—and based on the “seven focuses” identified during the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee—this paper presents a series of directions and suggestions aimed at advancing further comprehensive reform. The goal is to provide insights that will facilitate ongoing progress in deepening these transformative initiatives.

〔Key words〕Further Comprehensive Deepening of Reform， Reform and Opening-up， 11th

CPC Central Committee’s Third Plenary Session， 18th CPC Central Committee’s Third Plenary Session

A Study on Xi Jinping’s Reform Thoughts and Practices During His Tenure in Local GovernanceWANG Peng-Wei SUN

Xiao-Li 15

〔Abstract〕General Secretary Xi Jinping’s new ideas， perspectives， and judgments on comprehensively deepening reform are in line with the thoughts and practices he developed during his tenure in local governance. Tracing back to his early ideas in Zhengding， where his reform approach first emerged， through the gradual maturation of reform methods during his time in Fujian， the systematic presentation of reform thinking in Zhejiang， and finally the overall strategic deployment in Shanghai， we can gain a comprehensive view of the inception and development of Xi Jinping’s thinking on deepening reform. Embedded in this trajectory are significant insights into the role and objectives of reform， along with valuable principles and methods that are essential to uphold. These elements provide important guidance for further advancing comprehensive deepening of reform in the new era.

〔Key words〕Xi Jinping， Comprehensive Deepening of Reform， Exercise Governance over a Region， Reform Work During the Local Work

Characteristics of the Operational Mechanism and Construction of Oversight System for Government AlgorithmCHU Er-Kang MU Cong-Da 25

〔Abstract〕The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee underscored the imperative to enhance a nationwide， integrated online government service platform， establishing new objectives and standards for the development of e-government. As digital governance advances within the framework of “algorithmic administration” and the “government algorithms” model， the challenges of effective “algorithmic oversight” have become increasingly prominent. Addressing these challenges requires， first and foremost， a comprehensive understanding of the core operational characteristics of government algorithms. This includes the shift in “management objects” from physical entities to data， in “operational methods” from scenario-based applications to model-driven approaches， and in “power structures” from regulatory norms to code-based frameworks. A thorough analysis of key theoretical aspects is essential， particularly regarding the “alignment” between algorithmic oversight and regulatory structures， the “interconnections” between algorithm design and implementation， and the “integration” of algorithmic frameworks with underlying values. Building upon these foundational insights， it is crucial to establish a robust oversight framework encompassing preemptive oversight that emphasizes “predictability，” mid-process oversight focused on “compliance，” and post-process oversight centered on “value orientation.”

〔Key words〕E-government， Algorithmic Administration， Government Algorithm， Oversight Mechanism

Value Tension and Reconstruction： The Simplification and Trends of Administrative Procedures in Digital Government

GAO Ying YE Mao 35

〔Abstract〕The administrative procedures within digital government are increasingly trending towards simplification， thereby gradually shaping new dimensions of governance processes. This trend not only aligns with the principles of streamlined governance but also reflects multifaceted motivations aimed at enhancing administrative efficiency， safeguarding individual rights in administrative matters， and ensuring adherence to legal norms. Drawing on specific examples of automated administrative penalties and automated licensing processes， this study investigates the operational mechanisms and contextual applications that underpin the simplification of administrative procedures in digital government. However， the convergence of these simplification trends with technological paradigms gives rise to systemic risks， primarily manifesting as challenges to traditional binary governance structures， an expansion of algorithmic administrative authority， potential restrictions on existing citizen rights， and value tensions that disrupt the balance between efficiency and equity. In light of these concerns， it is imperative to critically evaluate and reconstruct the simplification process for digital government administrative procedures by focusing on algorithmic procedural justice， establishing robust supervisory mechanisms for exercising power， and creating comprehensive bundles of digital rights. This approach seeks to simplify administrative procedures in a manner that is lawful， rational， and scientifically grounded while embodying a people-centered orientation within the broader trend toward simplification.

〔Key words〕Automated Administration， Simplification of Administrative Procedures， Digital Rights， Procedural Justice

The Political Logic， Practical Experiences， and Improvement Paths of the CPC’s Thematic Education in the New EraWANG Li-Feng ZHOU Qiang-Wei 46

〔Abstract〕Thematic education represents an innovative model of intra-party learning and education for the Communist Party of China （CPC） in the new era. Its intrinsic political logic is both clear and distinct， profoundly embodying a people-centered political philosophy， unwavering adherence to the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee， and the political effectiveness derived from advancing the Party’s self-revolution. This approach creatively integrates ideological strengthening with institutional governance， thereby underscoring its inherent institutional advantages. Drawing from practical experience， thematic education in this new era emphasizes both comprehensive engagement and key participant involvement. It strikes a balance between immediate political efficacy and long-term development while reinforcing the connection between theoretical armament and practical application. A problem-oriented methodology enriches thematic content further. Looking ahead， ongoing improvements in thematic education can be realized by enhancing intra-party regulations， diversifying educational content， establishing enduring mechanisms， and strengthening outcome transformation to ensure sustained effectiveness and vitality.

〔Key words〕Communist Party of China， Theme Education， Political Logic， Comprehensive and Strict Governance of the Party

Innovative Deepening through Exploratory Development：

Thematic Evolution of the National Cadre Education and Training Plan

——An Analysis Based on the LDA ModelWU Jin-Qun XU Meng-Ying 56

〔Abstract〕Since the reform and opening-up， China has implemented a total of eight national education and training plans for cadres. Utilizing the Latent Dirichlet Allocation （LDA） topic model， we conducted thematic clustering of the textual content. Based on the variations in intensity across five identified themes， China’s cadre education and training can be classified into three distinct periods. During the foundational period， emphasis was placed on scientification and localization， highlighting systematic construction. In the steady development period， localization and diversification were progressively strengthened， reaching their peak alongside an emerging focus on standardization that marked the program’s maturation. In the innovative deepening phase， standardization and innovation became prominent features， leading to multidimensional advancements in training content and methodologies. Throughout these phases， national cadre education and training plans have preserved core elements while continually adapting to contemporary trends， achieving systematic integration that underscores an increasingly distinctive Chinese approach.

〔Key words〕National Cadre Education and Training Plan， LDA model， Thematic Evolution

Addressing the New Challenge of “One Needle Threading Through a Thousand Lines”： A Review and Outlook on Primary-Level Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement ReformCHEN Nian-Ping 66

〔Abstract〕Various practical models have emerged in the context of comprehensive reforms in administrative law enforcement at the primary level across different regions. However， phenomena that contradict the initial goals of institutional design have also surfaced， including mismatches between authority and responsibility， behavioral deviations， and challenges related to power coordination. Issues concerning the allocation of enforcement powers often encompass improper subjects for authorization， unidirectional decision-making procedures， and misaligned content of authorizations. A common factor contributing to these practical difficulties is the oversight regarding primary-level input during authorization processes and a failure to align authorization content with actual conditions， enforcement needs， and capacities at the primary level. Structurally， these reforms aim to enhance government ability and efficiency in addressing social conflicts by adjusting vertical administrative authority. Nevertheless， this downward shift in authority has resulted in an escalation of interdepartmental conflicts， thereby creating complex coordination challenges that extend beyond horizontal fragmentation at the county level to “one-to-many” reverse coordination issues at the primary level. In essence， the reform of comprehensive administrative law enforcement at the primary level necessitates both horizontal integration and concentration of enforcement powers or agencies， as well as vertical delegation of authority. A key focus of this initiative is to adjust interdepartmental relationships effectively. Moving forward， it is crucial to address these relationships by scrutinizing the interactions between an integrated enforcement interface and specialized divisions at the backend. This involves analyzing organizational transformations characterized by segmented processes （interface and backend）， distinct stages （approval， supervision， and enforcement）， and specialized functions （functional departments）. Furthermore， it is important to explore new forms， content， and behavioral manifestations related to the challenge encapsulated in the concept of “one needle threading through a thousand lines，” alongside potential mechanisms for resolution.

〔Key words〕Primary-Level Comprehensive Law Enforcement， Administrative Reform， Interdepartmental Conflicts， “One Needle Threading Through a Thousand Lines”， Functional Isomorphism

The New Narratives of Online Populism from a Social Psychological Perspective and Their Risk Responses for ConsumersSUN Yue YANG Rong-Jun 82

〔Abstract〕The psychology of social groups provides a robust framework for understanding and mobilizing online populist narratives. While the emergence of online populism is influenced by structural factors inherent in technology and society， it perpetuates the traditional ideological characteristics of populism， namely its anti-elite， anti-establishment， and anti-rational tendencies. In the formation of online populist practices， social group psychology manifests through various narrative modes such as “weak morality，” “technological abuse，” “guided bias，” and “sensationalist carnival.” When analyzing public opinion responses to sudden incidents within digital platforms， we observe that the confrontational， curious， conformist， and polarized psychological tendencies exhibited by online populist groups reflect real-world social psychology within virtual networks. These psychological traits act as implicit metaphors that amplify dissemination processes， aggregate diverse opinions， and stimulate actions consistent with populist narratives in an online context. Addressing the social risks associated with these online populist narratives presents a multifaceted challenge that necessitates a comprehensive strategy. This involves enhancing recognition of shared interests alongside reinforcing rule of law principles， cultural identity cohesion， and effective governance mechanisms. Such an approach aims to regulate and guide the potential risks posed by emerging sentiments rooted in online populism.

〔Key words〕Online Populism， Digital Aggregation， Social Psychology， Narrative Frameworks

The System of Village Affairs Oversight Committees from the Perspective of Whole-Process People’s Democracy： On the 20th Anniversary of Its Establishment

XIONG Jing LU Fu-Ying 94

〔Abstract〕Theory plays a guiding role in institutional change. The village affairs supervision committee system is an innovative rural grassroots democratic supervision system guided by democratic autonomy theory， and it has shown strong vitality in practice. After the proposal of the theory of whole-process people’s democracy， it was quickly established as the guiding theory for the construction of democratic politics in the new era in China， which means that it is necessary to guide the new understanding and development of the village affairs supervision committee system in the new era with whole-process people’s democracy. From the perspective of whole-process people’s democracy， the village affairs supervision committee system has important democratic value and institutional advantages， but it also has limitations such as insufficient breadth of supervision subjects， incomplete coverage of supervision objects and lack of systematic supervision procedures， there is still a gap from all-round， full coverage and full-chain democratic supervision. Therefore， it is necessary to promote the re-innovation of the village affairs supervision committee system oriented toward whole-process people’s democracy， adhere to the "villagers" as the center， and reconstruct the village affairs supervision committee system in the new era; adhere to the principles of all-round， full coverage and full-chain， and expand the supervision work of the village affairs supervision committee.

〔Key words〕Village Affairs Oversight Committee System， Whole-Process People’s Democracy， Democratic Oversight， Rural Primary-Level

Democracy

Institutional Integration Mechanisms for Ecological Poverty Alleviation： A Case Study of Poverty Governance in County QYIN Yue-Xiang GUO Sheng-Li 102

〔Abstract〕China’s ecological poverty alleviation initiatives have not only reconciled the tension between economic development and ecological protection but have also yielded substantial results in anti-poverty governance. Current research predominantly emphasizes the concepts， classifications， and outcomes of ecological poverty alleviation while offering limited comprehensive analysis of its underlying logic. Through case studies， this research identifies a key characteristic of China’s ecological poverty alleviation efforts： the effective integration of national policies with local initiatives. At the heart of this approach lies the harmonization of formal and informal institutions within a robust national policy framework， which has culminated in an effective model for poverty governance. In this model， formal national institutions provide rigid constraints and assurances necessary for the implementation of ecological poverty alleviation strategies. Concurrently， the intentional incorporation of traditional cultural values—such as reverence for nature and a commitment to poverty eradication—promotes the advancement of an ecological civilization. The interaction between formal and informal institutions during policy implementation fosters mechanisms that are goal-oriented， cooperative， incentive-driven， and subject to oversight， all of which contribute to enhanced effectiveness in ecological poverty alleviation governance in China.

〔Key words〕Ecological Poverty Alleviation， Formal Institutions， Informal Institutions， Integration Mechanisms

The Expression of Public Demands and the Responsive Governance Logic of Primary-Level Governments： A Case Study of “Government Hotline Supervision and Handling of Cases” in H Town， Central China as an ExampleWU Chun-Lai 113

〔Abstract〕In the implementation of the 12345 government hotline， there is a tension between the diverse and individualized public demands and the responsibilities of township governments with overall jurisdiction. This tension necessitates adjustments in the routine governance mechanisms of townships to accommodate the localized pressures arising from demand-driven responses. The case study of “Government Hotline Supervision Case Handling” in H Town reveals the following： （1） The categorization of demand-related issues by the township allows alignment with the township’s regular distribution of responsibilities and governance mechanisms， including sector-specific responsibility systems， designated responsibility systems， and central task systems. （2） The township optimizes administrative processes around demand response， establishing steps such as demand allocation， response alerts， and targeted tracking， with the pressure for localized responses promoting the standardization of grassroots administrative processes. Through precise demand allocation and supervisory follow-up to enhance responsiveness， the township’s organizational resources are shown to adapt effectively to governance issues and public demands. While the responsiveness of the grassroots government to public demands has improved， the overall effectiveness of responses remains constrained by the limited attention capacity within the township system.

〔Key words〕12345 Government Hotline System， Township Governance， Public Demands， Government Responsiveness

Sponsored by：Party School of Sichuan Provincial Committee of C. P. C for Provincial Authorities

Editor and Publication：The Editorial Office.of Studies on Party and Government

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（值班編輯 羅唯嘉 英文編輯 秦 博）