AsthemosttraditionalandcelebratedholidayinChineseculture,thelunarnewyear(alsoknownastheSpringFestival)isnotonlyatimetocelebratethebeginningofspringbutalsoanoccasionforfamilyreunion.InChina,awiderangeofcelebrationactivitieswillbestagedfortwoweeks:fireworks,firecrackers,festivaldecorationsandavarietyofshows.
農歷新年(也稱春節)作為中國文化里最傳統且慶祝最為隆重的節日,不僅是慶祝春天開始的時間節點,也是家庭團聚的時候。在中國,形形色色的慶祝活動會在兩周的時間里一一展開:燃放煙花爆竹、布置節慶裝飾,以及舉辦各種各樣的表演。
FamilytimeisofutmostimportanceinChineseculture.Therun-uptonewyear’seveisusuallyspenttravelling,witheverybodyheadingtotheirhometownsforfamilyreunion.Housesandflatswillgetadeepcleaninreadinessforafreshyearahead(havingtosweeptheflooronnewyear’sdayistabooandassociatedwithsweepinggoodluckandwealthaway).
在中國文化里,闔家共度的時光最為重要。除夕前的時間通常花在路上:每個人都要趕回家鄉與家人團聚。房子和公寓要做大掃除,準備好迎接新的一年(新年第一天掃地可是禁忌,被認為會掃走好運和財富)。
EveryfamilywillhavealonglistoffestivalnecessitiestobuyforChinesenewyear,includinglotsofreddecorations,newyearoutfitsandgifts.Festivaldecorationswillbehungup,suchasredpaper-cutsonwindows,andspringcoupletsandbannersondoors.Guardinggodsposterswillbepastedonentrancegatesforsafeguarding.Fireworksandfirecrackerswillbesetofftoscareawayevilspiritsandtosignalthestartofasafeandprosperousnewyear.
每個家庭都會列出長長的春節購物清單,必買的物品包括大量的紅色裝飾、過年的衣裝和禮物。節日裝飾要貼掛起來,比如窗花(窗戶上貼的紅色剪紙)和春聯(門上貼的對聯加橫批)。大門要張貼門神的畫像以祈求平安。人們要燃放煙花和爆竹以驅逐邪祟,昭示一個安全又富足的新年伊始。
Redisconsideredthecolourofluck.Oncethenewyeararrives,newredoutfitsareworntovisitrelativesandfriends,toexchangeblessingsandgifts.Duringthesevisits,childrenwillgetredpaperenvelopesfilledwithcashnotes,symbolisingthatbadluckisdrivenawayandgoodfortuneispassedon.Apartfromvisitinglovedones,peoplealsovisittemplestoworshipancestorsandprayforhealth,success,fortuneandabetteryear.
紅色被認為是幸運色。過年那幾天,人們會穿紅色的新衣走親訪友,相互拜年和交換禮物。孩子們會在拜年時得到紅包(裝有現鈔的紅色信封),象征驅逐噩運、傳遞好運。除了拜訪親朋好友,人們也會去寺廟祭祀祖先并祈求健康、成功、財富和更上層樓的一年。
Whatdopeopleeat?
過年吃什么?
Foodalsoplaysacrucialpartinthesecelebrationsandsomedishesbelievedtobringluckwillalwaysbeprepared—whattheyarevariesgreatlyacrossChina.
在這些慶祝活動中,食物也是不可或缺的部分,人們總會準備一些被認為帶來好運的菜肴——這些菜肴的品類在中國各地差異很大。
Fishisamustasitisoftenseenasan“extra”,symbolisingabundance.Stickyricecakewillalsobeafavourite,andthisisbecausethewordinChinesesoundslike“yearhigh”,meaninghigherincomeandpromotion.Orangesareconsideredluckyasthewordsoundslike“lucky”inChinese.
魚必不可少,因其諧音“余”,象征豐足。年糕也很受歡迎,因其中文發音與“年高”一樣,意味著收入更高和職位晉升。桔子被認為吉利,因其發音類似中文的“吉”。
Thereare,however,somedifferencesdependingonwhereyouare.InnorthernChina,peopleliketoeatdumplingsastheyarethoughttoresemblegoldingots.WhereasinsouthernChina,youaremorelikelytohaveping-pongshapedstickyriceballswithsweetfillingsasitsoundslikethewordfor“togetherness”.It’salsocommontohaveatrayofsweetsoraplatterofbite-sizedtreatssymbolisingreunionandtogetherness.
不同地方也存在差異。在中國北方,人們喜歡吃餃子,因為餃子的形狀被認為像金元寶。而在中國南方,你更可能吃到湯圓(乒乓球狀的甜餡糯米球),因其發音像“團圓”。象征重聚和團圓的一盤糖果或一口一塊的點心拼盤也很常見。
Onnewyear’seve,waitingformidnight,familyandrelativeswillenjoyeatingtogether,playinggameslikemahjong,andwatchingtheSpringFestivalGalaonTV.Whetherathomeoroverseas,thistendstobeamust-doformanyChinesefamilies.
除夕之夜,守歲時,家人和親戚會開心聚餐、玩游戲(比如打麻將)、看電視臺的春節聯歡晚會。對很多中國家庭來說,無論是在家鄉還是海外,這些都是習慣上過年必做的事情。
Traditionsarechanging
傳統在變化
Likeallcustomsandtraditions,thingschangeovertime.Today,redenvelopesareoftensentviaappssuchasWeChat,amessagingappthatallowspeopletomakemobilepayments.Althoughthereuniondinnerisstillimportant,manyChinesefamiliesnowprefertoeatoutratherthancooktogetherathome.Fireworksandfirecrackersareoftenbannedinrespectoftheenvironment,anditisnotunusualtohearthecacophonyoffirecrackersplayedfromrecordingsthroughspeakersinstead.
就像所有的習俗和傳統一樣,事情總會隨著時間變化。當今,紅包往往通過微信(一種可讓人們實現移動支付的即時通訊應用程序)發出。盡管團圓飯仍然重要,但很多中國家庭現在會選擇在外面就餐,而不是在家一起做飯。煙花和爆竹往往為了保護環境而禁放,取而代之聽音箱里放出的爆竹炸響聲——這也不是啥稀罕事了。
But,nomatterhowmuchChinesenewyearcelebrationshavechangedovertime,theheartoftheSpringFestivalremainsthepeople,astrongsenseoftogetherness,andtheideathattheyeartocomewillbethechanceforanewstartthatisbrighterandmoreprosperous.
但是,不管中國新年的慶祝活動隨著時間發生了多少變化,春節的核心仍然是人,是團圓的強烈幸福感,也是對來年的想往——相信來年是個全新開始的機會,將更加光明、更加繁榮。