裝置參數(shù)對125kg燃料成霧性能的影響

中圖分類號：O383；TJ55 國標學科代碼：13035 文獻標志碼：A

Abstract： The large-scale explosive dispersal andthe unconfined detonation of particle-spray-air ternary mixtures are closely relatedtoindustrial acidentsandmilitaryapplications.However，mostoftheexistingresearch focusesonthesma-scale experimentinthelaboratorywithlarge-scaleexplosivedispersalexperimentsbeingrelativelyscarce.Theinitiationstateofthe aerosolcloud determines the blast power，andthedevice structure andspecific explosive charge arethe main factors ffcting thecloud morphology.To study the damaging eect of aerosol， the large-scale dispersed experiment of fuel was carried out.The processof aerosol development was observed byhigh-speed video recording.VariationcharacteristicsofFAEcloud withdiffrentcanistersandthe specificcentral explosivewere studied.The aerosol diameter and heightwere usedto describing theaerosol shape，then they were analyzed under different initial experimentconditions.Three types of canisters wereutilized，namelythebasiccanister，thecompound canister，andthestrengthncanister，withtheprimarydiference being their radialrestraint mechanisms.The specific central explosive was adopted the T-shaped charge.Theresults show that the aerosol formatioisreliablethroughthereplicationexperiments.Becauseof itsstrongradialrestraint，thecompoundcanister has the advantage in the aerosol diameters. The aerosol diameters of compound canister can reach ，compared to strong canister coverage area increased by 13 % .Therefore，the compound canister with the specific central explosive of 0 . 8 % has the best aerosol performance for fuel.On this basis，characteristics of the aerosol were further analyzed.The optimal secondarydetonationdelaytimeis .Thecalculatingaerosol concentration before burst is and the chemical equivalent ratio of fuel to oxygen in theair is 0.54.

Keywords：FAE cloud formation； explosion dispersion；device structure； specific central explosives

對自由場條件下大體積燃料拋撒成霧的研究，在民用和軍事工業(yè)（例如火山噴發(fā)、工業(yè)粉塵爆炸事故、湍流爆轟等[-3]）中具有重要的理論和應用價值。在軍事工業(yè)中，被廣泛運用的燃料空氣炸藥是一種新型爆炸能源，其作用機理是通過爆炸驅(qū)動燃料拋撒成霧后，在云霧內(nèi)用2次延遲裝置進行直接起爆，實現(xiàn)云霧爆轟，放出巨大的熱量和強烈的沖擊波，從而實現(xiàn)大面積的毀傷范圍。與傳統(tǒng)炸藥相比，燃料空氣炸藥的沖擊波持續(xù)時間更長。

自由場條件下燃料空氣的混合形成過程復雜，學者們通過大量實驗對其影響因素和形成規(guī)律進行了深入研究。19世紀80-90年代，學者們通過縮放實驗[4、尺寸縮放實驗5、圓盤形氣云實驗研究了可燃氣云在自由場條件下的擴散特征，并分析了障礙物、罐體結(jié)構(gòu)、開口孔徑、初始壓力對可燃氣云尺度的影響規(guī)律。對于氣-液、氣-固兩相云霧形成過程的實驗研究表明，中心拋撒藥質(zhì)量和種類、爆炸裝置材料和結(jié)構(gòu)會影響燃料空氣混合物的形成結(jié)果[7-9]。由此可知，燃料拋撒的最終狀態(tài)與爆炸初始裝置相關[0]。對于多相大體積的云霧形成，劉慶明等[11]研究了 裝藥量FAE（fuel-airexplosive）的云霧拋撒和爆轟威力；陳明生等[12-13]利用試驗和數(shù)值模擬研究了 裝藥殼體形狀、燃料拋撒速度對云霧形成的影響；王永旭等[14]進行了 燃料爆炸拋撒成霧過程的實驗研究。大體積燃料云霧形成過程更復雜，影響因素較多，目前針對該過程沒有準確的物理模型和計算方法，只能從大量的場外試驗中探索燃料濃度隨時間的變化關系，從而取得理想的爆轟效果。……