【中圖分類號(hào)】R684;R493 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A
Bibliometric analysis of reseach on rehabilitation training of developmental dysplasia of the hip
YOU Jiaxin1.2,3,4,5,LI Gefang1,2,3,4,.5
1.National Clinical Research Center for Child Healthand Disorders, Chongqing 40oo14,China
2.The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development Disease Research, Chongqing400014, China
3.China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base ofChild Development and CriticalDisorders, Chongqing 400014, China
4. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing 40o014, China
5.Department ofOrthopedics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014,China
Corresponding author: LI Gefang, Email: 13594059704@163.com
【Abstract】 Objective To visualize and analyze the current status, hot spots, and research trends of rehabilitation training in developmentaldysplasiaof thehip (DDH)athomeand abroad,and to provide references for future related research.Methods The Web of Science Core Collection and CNKI were searched for literature on the rehabilitation training of DDH from January1,2000,to June1,2024,using CiteSpace 6.3.R1 software for information mining and analysis.Results A total of 831 articles were identified for final analysis,including 353 articles n Chinese and 478 in English.Research onDDHrehabilitationabroad increased steadilybetween 2000 and 2022.The number of domestic publications fluctuated slightly from 20o0 to 2019,and has shown a downward trend since 2019.The domestic and overseas authors with the most publications were the teams represented by Li Lianyong and Clohisy John C,and the institutions with the most publications were the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University and Harvard University. Combined with the keywords co-occurrence and cluster analysis,the research on DDH rehabilitation training mostly focused on surgical methods,diagnosis,functional exercises, gross movements, preoperative simulation,family guidance, traditional Chinese medicine therapy, and complication prevention or treatment. The bursting keywords showed that artificial intelligence,deep learning, quality of life,pain,and clinical outcomes might become research hotspots and trends in the future DDH rehabilitation training field. Conclusion Currently,research on DDH rehabilitation training at home and abroad is stillbeing explored.Inthe future,itis imperative to strengthen academiccooperationbetween different institutions and regions,promote the further developmentof DDH rehabilitation training research with artificial intellgence and big data platforms,and improve patients'clinical outcomes and quality of life.
【Keywords】Developmental dysplasia of the hip; Rehabilitation; Visualized analysis; CiteSpace; Bibliometrics
發(fā)育性髖關(guān)節(jié)發(fā)育不良(developmentaldysplasiaofthehip,DDH)是一系列股骨頭和髖白解剖結(jié)構(gòu)和關(guān)系異常,從而導(dǎo)致髖關(guān)節(jié)形態(tài)和位置異常的疾患,包含髖白發(fā)育不良、髖關(guān)節(jié)半脫位及全脫位,主要發(fā)病人群為兒童,全球發(fā)病率約為 1%ote~2%o[1] 。對(duì)于年齡較小的患者(0~18月)采取保守治療,如Pavlik挽具、人類位石膏固定術(shù)可恢復(fù)并維持同心圓復(fù)位[2;對(duì)年齡較大或保守治療后復(fù)位失敗、再脫位、仍有殘余畸形者,通常需要切開(kāi)復(fù)位聯(lián)合截骨手術(shù)治療,術(shù)后石膏或支具固定時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),極易出現(xiàn)因關(guān)節(jié)僵硬、肌力下降引起的功能障礙[3-4],嚴(yán)重影響患者生活質(zhì)量。康復(fù)訓(xùn)練可以增強(qiáng)周圍骨骼的力量和穩(wěn)定性,有助于重建和維持正常的關(guān)節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu),通過(guò)對(duì)關(guān)節(jié)和肌肉進(jìn)行強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練,可以恢復(fù)其力量和協(xié)調(diào)性,從而減少疼痛,防止關(guān)節(jié)僵硬和肌肉萎縮等并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生[5-。因此,康復(fù)訓(xùn)練對(duì)DDH尤為重要,是改善患者術(shù)后關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)、提升生活質(zhì)量的重要途徑[7-8。然而,現(xiàn)有DDH康復(fù)方案的選擇與制定尚缺乏統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn),相關(guān)研究呈現(xiàn)碎片化特征,循證基礎(chǔ)薄弱和證據(jù)匱乏是重要原因,亟需通過(guò)文獻(xiàn)計(jì)量分析系統(tǒng)梳理研究熱點(diǎn)及發(fā)展趨勢(shì),為高質(zhì)量的臨床研究提供參考依據(jù)。
CiteSpace作為文獻(xiàn)計(jì)量分析工具[9-10],能夠可視化地呈現(xiàn)學(xué)科知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)和規(guī)律,生成知識(shí)圖譜,助力研究者快速把握科研領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)、熱點(diǎn)及趨勢(shì),現(xiàn)已廣泛應(yīng)用于多個(gè)領(lǐng)域。本研究應(yīng)用CiteSpace軟件對(duì)DDH康復(fù)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行可視化分析,旨在了解國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者在DDH康復(fù)訓(xùn)練領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn)及發(fā)展趨勢(shì),為今后相關(guān)研究提供參考。
1資料與方法
1.1 納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):文獻(xiàn)內(nèi)容涉及DDH康復(fù),包括臨床試驗(yàn)、文獻(xiàn)綜述、系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)、Meta分析等。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn): ① 與主題不符; ② 會(huì)議、專利、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、圖書(shū)、報(bào)紙、個(gè)案報(bào)道等; ③ 信息不全或數(shù)據(jù)資料不完整; ④ 重復(fù)發(fā)表; ⑤ 語(yǔ)言類型非中文或英文。
1.2 文獻(xiàn)檢索
計(jì)算機(jī)檢索WebofScience(WOS)核心合集數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、中國(guó)知網(wǎng)(CNKI)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),文獻(xiàn)類型為論著或綜述,語(yǔ)言類型為中文或英文,檢索時(shí)限為2000年1月1日至2024年6月1日。WOS核心合集數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)具體檢索策略見(jiàn)框1。

框1WebofScience檢索策略 Box1.SearchstrategyofWebofScience
1.3 文獻(xiàn)篩選與資料提取
由2名研究人員根據(jù)納人和排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)去重后的文獻(xiàn)依次完成題目和摘要初篩、全文閱讀復(fù)篩,如有分歧則共同協(xié)商確定。對(duì)納入的文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行資料提取,提取內(nèi)容包括發(fā)表年份、作者姓名、所屬國(guó)家或地區(qū)、發(fā)表機(jī)構(gòu)及關(guān)鍵詞等信息。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
采用CiteSpace6.3.R1軟件對(duì)納入的文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行可視化分析,將時(shí)間跨度設(shè)置為2000年1月至2024年6月,時(shí)間分區(qū)為1年,閾值選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)置為Top N=50 ,網(wǎng)絡(luò)裁剪方式選擇Pathfinder和Pruningslicednetworks算法,其余參數(shù)為默認(rèn)選項(xiàng)。在CiteSpace軟件產(chǎn)生的知識(shí)圖譜中,每一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)代表一個(gè)分析對(duì)象(如作者、機(jī)構(gòu)、關(guān)鍵詞等),節(jié)點(diǎn)大小代表其出現(xiàn)的頻次,節(jié)點(diǎn)間的連線代表不同對(duì)象之間的聯(lián)系或合作關(guān)系,網(wǎng)絡(luò)密度則反映節(jié)點(diǎn)之間相互連接的緊密程度。基于圖論和網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析的基本原理,CiteSpace通過(guò)最短路徑算法、矩陣運(yùn)算等算法計(jì)算出每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的中心性值,可反映該節(jié)點(diǎn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中占據(jù)的核心程度或影響力[]。在知識(shí)圖譜中,如節(jié)點(diǎn)帶有紫色外圈表示中心性較高,外圈占比越大表示中心性越大,意味著該節(jié)點(diǎn)在整個(gè)研究網(wǎng)絡(luò)中占據(jù)了更為核心的位置,同時(shí)與其他節(jié)點(diǎn)存在共現(xiàn)、共引或共被引等緊密關(guān)聯(lián),證明其在該研究領(lǐng)域中具有廣泛的覆蓋面和影響力[12]。
2 結(jié)果
2.1一般情況
初檢獲得相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)1991篇,其中W0S核心合集數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)983篇、CNKI數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)1008篇。根據(jù)納入排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)篩選后,最終納入831篇DDH康復(fù)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),其中WOS核心合集數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)478篇、CNKI數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)353篇。
2.2 年載文量分析
2000年至2022年DDH康復(fù)相關(guān)英文文獻(xiàn)發(fā)文量呈現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì),并于2022年達(dá)到峰值。中文文獻(xiàn)發(fā)文量于2000年至2019年呈小幅度波動(dòng)狀態(tài),2019年至今呈下降趨勢(shì),見(jiàn)圖1。
2.3 發(fā)文作者分析
對(duì)CNKI納人文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行作者共現(xiàn)分析,共得到279個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn),212條連線,網(wǎng)絡(luò)密度為0.0055,見(jiàn)附件圖1;對(duì)WOS納入文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行作者共現(xiàn)分析,共得到283個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn),527條連線,網(wǎng)絡(luò)密度為0.0132,見(jiàn)附件圖2。中英文文獻(xiàn)發(fā)文量排名前10位作者見(jiàn)表1。在該領(lǐng)域,國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者以李連永為代表的團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)文量最多(5篇),其次是林倩(3篇)、魏改艷(3篇),國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者整體合作較少。國(guó)外學(xué)者以ClohisyJohnC為代表的團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)文量最多(18篇),其次是DombBenjaminG(13篇)、JimenezAndrewE(12篇),各學(xué)者間合作較為緊密。數(shù)據(jù)顯示,國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者的中心性普遍較低。
圖1DDH康復(fù)文獻(xiàn)年度發(fā)文量 Figure1.AnnualpublicationsofDDHrehabilitation literature

表1DDH康復(fù)文獻(xiàn)發(fā)文量排名前十位作者 Table1.Top10authorsofDDHrehabilitation publicationnumbers

注:年份指作者在該領(lǐng)域首次發(fā)文時(shí)間。
2.4 發(fā)文國(guó)家/地區(qū)分析
對(duì)WOS核心合集數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)納入的英文文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行國(guó)家/地區(qū)分布情況分析,共得到50個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn),161條連線,網(wǎng)絡(luò)密度為0.1314,見(jiàn)圖2。發(fā)文量排名前10的國(guó)家/地區(qū)分別是美國(guó)、中國(guó)、德國(guó)、日本、加拿大、土耳其、瑞士、丹麥、英國(guó)、澳大利亞。其中美國(guó)中心性最高(0.58),其次是英國(guó)(0.18)和加拿大(0.15)。
2.5 發(fā)文機(jī)構(gòu)分析
對(duì)CNKI納入文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行機(jī)構(gòu)分析,共得到298個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn),51條連線,網(wǎng)絡(luò)密度為0.0012,見(jiàn)圖3;對(duì)WOS納入文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行機(jī)構(gòu)分析,共得到300個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn),533條連線,網(wǎng)絡(luò)密度為0.0119,見(jiàn)圖4。中英文文獻(xiàn)發(fā)文量排名前10的機(jī)構(gòu)具體見(jiàn)附件表1。該領(lǐng)域國(guó)內(nèi)機(jī)構(gòu)以中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬盛京醫(yī)院為代表的團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)文量最多(8篇),其次是山東中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院(8篇)、鄭州市骨科醫(yī)院(7篇),國(guó)內(nèi)機(jī)構(gòu)中心性普遍偏低(0.00)。國(guó)外機(jī)構(gòu)以哈佛大學(xué)(HarvardUniversity)為代表的團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)文量最多(26篇),其次是華盛頓大學(xué)(WashingtonUniversity)(25篇)、波士頓兒童醫(yī)院(Boston Children'sHospital)(22篇)。其中哈佛大學(xué)中心性最高(0.08),其次是哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院(HarvardMedicalSchool)(O.05)、奧胡斯大學(xué)(AarhusUniversity)(O.03)、科羅拉多兒童醫(yī)院(Children'sHospitalColorado)(O.03)。
圖2DDH康復(fù)文獻(xiàn)發(fā)文國(guó)家/地區(qū)共現(xiàn)圖譜Figure2.Co-occurrencemap ofcountries/regionsofDDHrehabilitationliterature主:節(jié)點(diǎn)大小表示頻次多少,節(jié)點(diǎn)間連線的粗細(xì)表示合作的密切程度。



2.6 關(guān)鍵詞分析
2.6.1 關(guān)鍵詞共現(xiàn)
對(duì)CNKI納入文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行關(guān)鍵詞共現(xiàn)分析,共得到243個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn),532條連線,網(wǎng)絡(luò)密度為0.0181,見(jiàn)圖5;對(duì)WOS納人文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行關(guān)鍵詞共現(xiàn)分析,共得到298個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn),1674條連線,網(wǎng)絡(luò)密度為0.0378,見(jiàn)圖6。中文高頻關(guān)鍵詞包括護(hù)理(53次)、兒童(39次)、髖脫位(23次)、發(fā)育性(20次)、康復(fù)護(hù)理(20次)等,英文高頻關(guān)鍵詞包括osteoarthritis(骨關(guān)節(jié)炎)(109次)、femoroacetabular impingement(股骨髖白撞擊)(106次)、acetabulardysplasia(髖白發(fā)育不良)(93次)、hipdysplasia(髖關(guān)節(jié)發(fā)育不良)(66次)、developmentaldysplasia(發(fā)育性發(fā)育不良)(61次)等,詳見(jiàn)附件表2。
2.6.2 關(guān)鍵詞聚類
采用Log-likelihoodratio算法對(duì)中英文文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行聚類分析,分別得到45個(gè)聚類和18個(gè)聚類。中文文獻(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞聚類圖譜 Q=0.6665gt;0.3 ,S=0.911 8gt;0.7 ,表明聚類效果可信且有效,見(jiàn)附件圖3;英文文獻(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞聚類圖譜 Q=0.395 7gt; 0.3, S=0.7379gt;0.7 ,表明聚類效果可信且有效,見(jiàn)附件圖4。中文和英文文獻(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞聚類表分別見(jiàn)表2、表3。中文文獻(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞聚類主要為髖脫位、發(fā)育性、圍手術(shù)期、髖關(guān)節(jié)、手術(shù)治療、康復(fù)護(hù)理、并發(fā)癥、家庭護(hù)理、術(shù)前模擬等。英文文獻(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞聚類主要為全髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)(total hiparthroplasty)、腦癱(cerebralpalsy)、髖關(guān)節(jié)鏡(hiparthroscopy)、關(guān)節(jié)外科脫位手術(shù)(surgicalhip dislocation)、深度學(xué)習(xí)(deep learning)、患者(patient)、髖關(guān)節(jié)鏡手術(shù)(hiparthroscopicsurgery)、犬(canine)等。
圖5中文DDH康復(fù)文獻(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞共現(xiàn)圖譜 Figure 5.Co-occurrencemap of keywords of DDH rehabilitationliteratureinChinese


表2中文DDH康復(fù)文獻(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞聚類表 Table2.Clusteringof keywordsof DDH rehabilitation literaturein Chinese

注:輪廓值是衡量聚類質(zhì)量的指標(biāo),范圍在[-1,1]之間,值越接近1,說(shuō)明聚類內(nèi)部的關(guān)鍵詞相似性越高,聚類結(jié)構(gòu)越清晰;年份指該聚類中關(guān)鍵詞的平均首次出現(xiàn)時(shí)間。
表3英文DDH康復(fù)文獻(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞聚類表 Table3.Clusteringof keywordsofDDH rehabilitation literature inEnglish

注:輪廓值是衡量聚類質(zhì)量的指標(biāo),范圍在[-1,1]之間,值越接近1,說(shuō)明聚類內(nèi)部的關(guān)鍵詞相似性越高,聚類結(jié)構(gòu)越清晰;年份指該聚類中關(guān)鍵詞的平均首次出現(xiàn)時(shí)間。
2.6.3 關(guān)鍵詞突現(xiàn)
基于關(guān)鍵詞聚類圖譜,將MinimumDuration(最短持續(xù)時(shí)間)設(shè)置為2,進(jìn)行關(guān)鍵詞突現(xiàn)分析。CNKI納入文獻(xiàn)共得到22個(gè)突現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞,由20年前常見(jiàn)的髖白、發(fā)育性、骨疾病、外科手術(shù)逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻瓿霈F(xiàn)的生活質(zhì)量、兒童、健康教育、疼痛、肢體功能和預(yù)后,見(jiàn)附件圖5。
WOS納人文獻(xiàn)共得到17個(gè)突現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞,由 20 年前常見(jiàn)的children(兒童)、arthroplasty(置換術(shù))、femoralhead(股骨頭)、dislocation(脫位)逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻瓿霈F(xiàn)的qualityoflife(生活質(zhì)量)、clinical outcome(臨床結(jié)局)、hiparthroscopy(髖關(guān)節(jié)鏡)、surgery(外科手術(shù))、femoroacetabular impingement syndrome( 股骨髖白撞擊綜合征)、deeplearning(深度學(xué)習(xí))、artificialintelligence(人工智能),見(jiàn)附件圖6。
3 討論
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),2000年至2022年DDH康復(fù)訓(xùn)練英文文獻(xiàn)發(fā)文量呈現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì),發(fā)文量最多的國(guó)家、機(jī)構(gòu)及作者均出自美國(guó)。其中前三位高產(chǎn)作者ClohisyJohnC、Domb BenjaminG、JimenezAndrewE所在機(jī)構(gòu)之間存在合作、資助關(guān)系。從發(fā)文機(jī)構(gòu)看,美國(guó)哈佛大學(xué)發(fā)文量最多,其次是華盛頓大學(xué)、波士頓兒童醫(yī)院,研究方向傾向于DDH的早期診斷與合理治療[13-14],以及DDH動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)與基因研究[15-16],研究者認(rèn)為認(rèn)識(shí)DDH的發(fā)病機(jī)制,早行預(yù)防干預(yù)更能促進(jìn)患者的良好治愈。中文文獻(xiàn)發(fā)文量于2000至2019年呈小幅度波動(dòng)狀態(tài),2019年至今呈下降趨勢(shì),其原因可能與DDH康復(fù)訓(xùn)練周期較長(zhǎng)且涉及多個(gè)學(xué)科領(lǐng)域,而現(xiàn)有研究資源難以支持大規(guī)模、高質(zhì)量的深入研究項(xiàng)目有關(guān)。近年來(lái)隨著循證醫(yī)學(xué)、快速康復(fù)外科理念及醫(yī)護(hù)一體化工作模式在臨床推行,一些醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)開(kāi)始嘗試由醫(yī)生、護(hù)士、康復(fù)師組成的多學(xué)科團(tuán)隊(duì)共同參與DDH圍手術(shù)期康復(fù)訓(xùn)練全程管理[7,康復(fù)服務(wù)半徑延伸至患者家庭,使得DDH康復(fù)訓(xùn)練愈顯專業(yè)化和精細(xì)化[18-21]。以上現(xiàn)狀提示,國(guó)內(nèi)外圍繞DDH康復(fù)訓(xùn)練領(lǐng)域的研究各有側(cè)重,未來(lái)可通過(guò)加強(qiáng)國(guó)際及區(qū)域聯(lián)系達(dá)到資源共享、優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)、合作共贏的效果。
從關(guān)鍵詞突現(xiàn)圖譜分析可見(jiàn),2021—2024年深度學(xué)習(xí)和人工智能是DDH康復(fù)領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn),表明DDH康復(fù)已逐步從經(jīng)驗(yàn)驅(qū)動(dòng)向數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)型。目前人工智能在DDH康復(fù)訓(xùn)練中的應(yīng)用主要集中在步態(tài)分析、姿勢(shì)矯正中。結(jié)合智能穿戴設(shè)備與AI算法,可以實(shí)時(shí)捕捉患兒運(yùn)動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù),并提供即時(shí)反饋,糾正訓(xùn)練動(dòng)作偏差,提升康復(fù)依從性和效果[22-23]。相關(guān)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),不同骨科專家對(duì)相同X線平片的診斷結(jié)果存在一定差異,相較于依靠經(jīng)驗(yàn)診斷,機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)作為建立在大數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)上的診斷方式,可以更精準(zhǔn)地幫助臨床醫(yī)生早期診斷并制定更合理的治療與康復(fù)方案,其技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)也為術(shù)后康復(fù)訓(xùn)練效果的智能評(píng)估提供了重要基礎(chǔ)[24-25]。哈佛大學(xué) Magneli等[26]學(xué)者以中心邊緣角為診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)構(gòu)建的深度學(xué)習(xí)模型,使DDH診斷準(zhǔn)確率達(dá) 92.2% ;來(lái)自沙特的Jan等[27]以髖白指數(shù)為診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)構(gòu)建的深度學(xué)習(xí)模型,測(cè)量誤差僅為( 2.402±1.963 )°。此類技術(shù)可幫助醫(yī)護(hù)人員在術(shù)后康復(fù)階段通過(guò)連續(xù)影像數(shù)據(jù)分析和量化康復(fù)效果,動(dòng)態(tài)評(píng)估康復(fù)訓(xùn)練對(duì)髖關(guān)節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)和穩(wěn)定性的影響,為調(diào)整訓(xùn)練強(qiáng)度提供客觀依據(jù)。基于我國(guó)龐大的人口基數(shù)和病例數(shù)據(jù)資源,以及當(dāng)前國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施醫(yī)療聯(lián)盟之背景,此類技術(shù)在我國(guó)DDH研究中將有條件釋放出更為顯著的價(jià)值。
影響DDH術(shù)后康復(fù)訓(xùn)練的主要因素包括關(guān)節(jié)囊及周圍組織粘連、長(zhǎng)期制動(dòng)導(dǎo)致的肌肉萎縮、康復(fù)訓(xùn)練中產(chǎn)生的疼痛等,因此松動(dòng)局部軟組織、提升肌肉力量、解除訓(xùn)練帶來(lái)的疼痛,提升患者訓(xùn)練依從性是DDH術(shù)后康復(fù)的主要內(nèi)容及目標(biāo)[28-29]。關(guān)鍵詞分析顯示,患者的疼痛管理得到國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者的共同關(guān)注。有研究報(bào)道 7% 的患者在訓(xùn)練時(shí)感受到髖關(guān)節(jié)疼痛,在運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中避免髖關(guān)節(jié)過(guò)度內(nèi)收可以減少關(guān)節(jié)負(fù)荷和疼痛[30-31]國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者則采取童趣化情境、認(rèn)知干預(yù)、心理護(hù)理、熱敷、藥物治療等方法緩解疼痛[25-27],同時(shí)循序漸進(jìn)、分階段落實(shí)各種具體的骨關(guān)節(jié)康復(fù)措施[32-34]。2020年以來(lái),有學(xué)者[35-37]先后將中藥熏洗、溫腎宣痹湯等中醫(yī)特色療法融入DDH訓(xùn)練,通過(guò)溫?zé)岽碳ぜ爸兴幮?yīng),放松肌肉和肌腱,疏通經(jīng)絡(luò),活血祛瘀,在減輕黏連、緩解關(guān)節(jié)疼痛方面取得良好效果。這一創(chuàng)新性嘗試迎合了當(dāng)前國(guó)家衛(wèi)生健康委關(guān)于進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)綜合醫(yī)院中醫(yī)藥工作推動(dòng)中西醫(yī)協(xié)同發(fā)展的意見(jiàn)[38],為臨床學(xué)者從中醫(yī)視角探索DDH康復(fù)訓(xùn)練提供了新思路。
關(guān)鍵詞共現(xiàn)和聚類分析還顯示,中文文獻(xiàn)對(duì)DDH康復(fù)訓(xùn)練的研究主要涉及粗大運(yùn)動(dòng)、術(shù)前模擬、家庭指導(dǎo)等方面。李連永團(tuán)隊(duì)[39于2020年報(bào)道了Thera-Band漸進(jìn)抗阻訓(xùn)練聯(lián)合居家康復(fù)護(hù)理方法在DDH患者術(shù)后髖關(guān)節(jié)功能恢復(fù)中的應(yīng)用成效,通過(guò)分期、逐漸增重的抗阻訓(xùn)練,增強(qiáng)患者髖關(guān)節(jié)周圍肌群的肌力,從而改善患者的運(yùn)動(dòng)功能[40-42],其全程居家康復(fù)指導(dǎo)及監(jiān)管成為強(qiáng)化患者及家庭認(rèn)知、提升訓(xùn)練依從性的重要保障。英文文獻(xiàn)則多從關(guān)節(jié)生物力學(xué)角度探究DDH患者疾病發(fā)展機(jī)制以及并發(fā)癥,Gaffney等[43]對(duì)DDH患者進(jìn)行步態(tài)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),在水平和斜坡行走時(shí),DDH患者如果采取更直立的軀干姿勢(shì),可以減少腰背部伸展肌和豎脊肌的負(fù)荷,該結(jié)果提示對(duì)髖關(guān)節(jié)重建的DDH患者,康復(fù)訓(xùn)練方案的構(gòu)建不能忽略生物力學(xué)原理效應(yīng)。
關(guān)鍵詞突現(xiàn)和聚類分析結(jié)果均顯示,DDH患者的臨床結(jié)局一直受到國(guó)外學(xué)者的高度關(guān)注。美國(guó)波士頓兒童醫(yī)院Wells[44]團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)99例10~45歲行臼周圍截骨術(shù)(periacetabularosteotomy,PAO)的DDH患者進(jìn)行了長(zhǎng)達(dá)18年的術(shù)后隨訪,結(jié)果顯示有 74% 的患者無(wú)需再行全髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù),最終采取關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)進(jìn)行治療的多為年齡超過(guò)25歲的患者。Curley等[45通過(guò)系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)也發(fā)現(xiàn),在接受PAO的341例DDH運(yùn)動(dòng)員患者中,競(jìng)技運(yùn)動(dòng)恢復(fù)率大于 70% ,均說(shuō)明PAO是DDH患者的有效術(shù)式,預(yù)后總體良好。大齡DDH患者手術(shù)更為復(fù)雜,如何在術(shù)中最大限度地保留髖關(guān)節(jié)功能和降低并發(fā)癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),仍然是未來(lái)研究的熱點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)[46-47]。相較而言,國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者雖然也重視DDH患者生活質(zhì)量,但總體對(duì)DDH的術(shù)后隨訪時(shí)間較短,未來(lái)可針對(duì)DDH成長(zhǎng)過(guò)渡期、成人期的遠(yuǎn)期療效開(kāi)展研究,為患者提供疾病全周期服務(wù)。
本研究仍存在一定局限性。首先,本研究?jī)H對(duì)WOS核心合集數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)以及CNKI數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中2000年1月1日至2024年6月1日發(fā)表的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行研究,數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)種類和文獻(xiàn)數(shù)量較為局限,文獻(xiàn)基于手動(dòng)篩選,篩選過(guò)程可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)遺漏。其次,由于CiteSpace軟件存在算法多樣、數(shù)據(jù)處理復(fù)雜,以及與其他工具兼容性受限等特點(diǎn),可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致分析結(jié)果存在一定程度的偏差。
綜上所述,國(guó)內(nèi)外DDH康復(fù)訓(xùn)練相關(guān)研究仍有較大的探索空間,當(dāng)前人工智能、大數(shù)據(jù)賦能科學(xué)研究盛行,醫(yī)聯(lián)體運(yùn)行模式在全國(guó)廣泛開(kāi)展,各醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)及學(xué)者可借勢(shì)開(kāi)展跨國(guó)、跨區(qū)域的多中心合作研究,全方位探索DDH康復(fù)訓(xùn)練方法及疾病全程管理,推動(dòng)DDH康復(fù)向更加精準(zhǔn)化、個(gè)性化的方向發(fā)展。
附件見(jiàn)《醫(yī)學(xué)新知》官網(wǎng)附錄(https:// yxxz.whuznhmedj.com/futureApi/storage/ appendix/202411035.pdf)
倫理聲明:不適用
作者貢獻(xiàn):研究設(shè)計(jì)、數(shù)據(jù)采集與分析:游佳欣、李各芳;論文撰寫(xiě):游佳欣;論文審定:李各芳
數(shù)據(jù)獲取:本研究中使用和分析的所有數(shù)據(jù)均包含在本文中
利益沖突聲明:無(wú)
致謝:不適用
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收稿日期:2024年11月06日修回日期:2025年01月07日本文編輯:李緒輝 曹越