2025 年浙江卷閱讀B篇真題評析及變式探討

閱讀命題應體現時代發展特征，覆蓋低階到高階思維能力、重視文本精細閱讀以及強化批判性思維能力考查等方面，實現核心素養的落地（喬輝，2021）。命題測試應充分發揮反饋評價和反撥教學的功能，彰顯導向性、科學性、規范性和適宜性四大原則（教育部，2022）。2025年浙江卷閱讀B篇延續近年來高考真題記敘文的風格，又在敘事體的基礎上聚焦對內隱邏輯思維的考查。本文以2025年浙江1月英語試題閱讀B篇為例，分析測試要點，并提供筆者命制的兩則區級模擬題，助力考生進行變式思考。

一、閱讀B篇測試要點

（一）選材體現社會現象，指向批判思考

閱讀B篇選材豐富多樣，近五年語篇內容涵蓋人與自我、人與社會和人與自然三大主題，將人文情懷和國際視野融入生活實踐和學習探索情境考查中，體現高考立德樹人和選拔人才的宗旨。所選材料通常基于學生已有知識體驗，聚焦具有探討性和思辨性的文本，啟發學生運用批判性思維深入思考語篇的主旨要義和思想內涵，引導學生養成多元思維和辯證思考的習慣，如表1所示。

表1近五年部分真題閱讀B篇主題分析

閱讀B篇時代性和真實性強，聚焦思維品質等關鍵能力。以2025年浙江卷真題為例，作者回憶童年被過度強調“不要吃胖”的經歷，反思自身對孩子的飲食引導方式，體現對社會現象的關注與思考。再如2024年新課標I卷真題，通過介紹獸醫法伯將針灸應用于動物整體療法的背景、轉型、成果和社會影響，引導考生理解職業選擇背后的個人經歷與職業發展動因。

（二）敘事說明雙線交織，設問契合主旨

閱讀B篇通常以記敘文為載體，遵循敘事的時空性推進線索。近三年真題語篇體現“記敘文外殼，說明文內涵”的特征，以說明文現象介紹—分析闡釋——措施行動——影響評價為內隱邏輯，具有敘事說明雙線交織的特點。同時，閱讀設問彰顯主旨驅動的原則，發揮以讀促思、以讀促寫的功能，契合文本邏輯，遵循結構次序，引導學生思考核心問題和探究主題意義。

以本考題為例，文章從個人經歷著眼，回顧個人經歷（明線），關注社會問題（暗線），體現雙線驅動。四個設問緊扣文本主旨，既是對學生語言素養和思辨能力的考查，也幫助學生梳理語篇結構。第一題Whatcan be inferred about the author from thefirstparagraph？考查學生對第一段中作者批判性態度的理解，體會作者對原生家庭飲食教育的反思與否定。第二題 Which of the following would Markey disapprove of？引導學生對專家觀點進行邏輯推理，提煉“反對主動解釋食物的風險”的論點。第三題Whatshouldkidsdoaccordingtothe“DivisionofResponsibility”？考查學生對理論核心的概括能力和推理運用能力。第四題Whatdoesthe author think ofthe strategiesshe has beenfollowing？需要考生總結段落主旨，概括作者的態度觀點。設問設計緊密圍繞文本“提出問題 → 分析問題 →解決問題→驗證效果”的線性邏輯，既考查學生對局部信息的提取與推理能力（如24、25題），也要求對段落主旨與全文結構的整體理解（如26、27題）。

（三）選項設計緊扣原文，重視精細閱讀

正確選項均通過轉述原文核心邏輯（如批判兒時教育方式、分析過度討論食物的危害、闡釋自主選擇的內涵、呈現策略有效度）匹配，體現作者態度或理論要點，如表2所示。

表22025年浙江卷真題閱讀B篇題目信息定位與轉述分析

標答的設置源于對原文信息的轉述與提煉，考生需基于對“健康飲食教育應避免過度干預，尊重孩子自主性”這一核心主旨的完整認知，避免被表面詞匯干擾，通過對關鍵信息的定位和梳理選出正確選項。而干擾項多通過片面截取原文詞匯（如“weight”“stomachhurts”）或引入無關概念（如“分享食物”“矛盾”）制造混淆，但缺乏與核心論點的直接關聯。

如第一題干擾項 A．She is upset by her kids'weight．原文強調作者關注孩子自我認知（“heartsank”因女兒自我否定），而非對體重本身的焦慮。第二題干擾項D.Talkingwith kids about school atmealtimes.原文中Markey反對討論食物本身，但未否定其他話題。第三題干擾項C．Eatupwhat isprovidedfor them．原文強調孩子可控制食量（“howmuch”），無需吃完。第四題干擾項D.Contradictory.原文未體現策略自相矛盾，反而通過“clicks”強調長期效果，與矛盾無關。干擾項均與文本內容相關，但基于考生的過度聯想、信息誤判、概念混淆等易錯點進行設置，要求考生精細閱讀文本，解碼語言難點。

二、閱讀B篇變式探討

變式1

該語篇報道了印度尼西亞拉賈安帕特地區由EdenLee創設的斑馬鯊種群恢復的StAR項目。該項目通過國際合作和當地保護政策，成功孵化了24只斑馬鯊幼崽，為這一瀕危物種帶來了復興的希望，并展示了海洋生物多樣性保護的新模式。

Asa region known for its marine life in Indonesia， RajaAmpatused to be rich in zebra sharks.Butin the 1990s，they were severely over-fished for their meat，fins and liver oil，some of which were even used in making health supplements. As a result，the local zebra shark population dropped to an estimated 2O，with experts warning of a 23% chance the species could be eliminated in the region，which would endanger genetic diversity.

The StAR project，founded by Eden Lee，is an initiative for the revival of zebra shark populations in Raja Ampat.It has celebrated the successful hatching（孵化） of 24 baby zebra sharks this year. The newest hatchling， Lingka，namedby the public in an online poll，with its root in the local dialect，symbolizes the optimistic picture of the species wandering freely in the local waters.

Lingka ispart ofEden's broader effort that unites conservation organizations，aquariums（水族館），and government agencies in a mission to cope with the issue of endangered shark species.The international collaborationis evident as eggs from an aquarium in Sydney，Australia have resulted in the birth of Lingka and another pup（幼獸）. Through Eden’s consistent efforts，The StAR project has seen six successful hatchings from these eggs，with some already reintroduced into theecosystem.A nonprofit organization currently cares for these young sharks in a marine nursery before they are ready to be released into thewild.

From Eden's perspective，Raja Ampat's selection as the release site for the project is crucial and strategic. Thegovernment’sdeclaration of the area asa shark shelter，with strict regulations and enforcement in the meantime，sets thestage foradynamic ecosystem. The arrival of new pups symbolizes a stunning future for the zebra shark speciesand the potential for similar initiatives for other marine species. As Eden said，“With pilot projects like this，we can establish similar initiatives for other marine species which are also sadly in decline.”

1.What is a cause for the decline of zebra shark population？

A. Genetic change. B. Human activity.

C． Health concerns. D． Invasive species.

2.Why does the author mention the origin of the name “Lingka”？

A.To introduce the local culture.

B. To stress the difficult process.

C.To show the scientific method.

D. To highlight the public expectation.

3. What contributes to the success of the project according to paragraph 3？

A．Establishment of strict rules.

B.Cooperation of related parties.

C.Balance in marine ecosystems.

D.Investment in crucial technologies.

4.Which of the following best describes the project？

A. Profitable and strategic.

B. Significant yet restricted.

C.Promising and pioneering.

D.Effective yet questionable.

答題解析：

1．選B。考查理解細節能力。從第一段中的信 息“But in the 199Os and early 200Os，they were severely over-fished for their meat，finsand liver oil，some of which were even used in making health supplements.”可 知，導致斑馬鯊數量下降的原因是過度捕撈，這是人 類活動的結果。因此，選項B是正確的。

2．選D。考查推斷能力。從第二段中的信息“Lingka ispart of a broader effort...symbolizes the hopefor the species to wander freely in the local waters.”可知，提到“Lingka”這個名字的起源是為了強調公眾對斑馬鯊能在本地水域自由漫游的期望。因此，選項D是正確的。

3．選B。考查概括信息能力。從第三段中的信 息“The international collaboration is evident as eggs from anaquarium in Sydney，Australia have resulted in the birth of Lingka and another pup.”以及“The StAR project has seen six successful hatchings from these eggs， with some already reintroduced into the ecosystem.”可 知，項目的成功得益于多方的合作，包括保護組織、 水族館和政府機構。因此，選項B是正確的。。

4．選C。考查推斷能力。從整篇文章的信息來看，項目通過國際合作成功孵化了斑馬鯊，并且有望恢復其種群，這表明項目是充滿希望和開創性的。文章中沒有提到項目有任何疑問或限制，也沒有提到項目是盈利的或戰略性的。因此，選項C是正確的。

變式2

該語篇以塑料污染的緊迫性為背景，介紹藝術家兼實驗設計師JessieGreen如何通過海藻基生物塑料的創新研究應對環境問題。文章通過引用專家觀點、描述Green的研究歷程和成果，展現了她將生物學與技術結合的實踐探索及其對可持續發展的貢獻，最終指向通過跨學科創新創造環保未來的可能性。

Dr. Sylvia Williams once said，“Every piece of plastic ever made still exists in some form.”In a world increasinglyaffected byplastic pollution，the search for sustainable alternatives has become urgent. Traditional petrochemical plastics are cheap yet destructive to the environment，with long-lasting impacts on the planet and itsinhabitants.It is thisproblem thatartistand experimental designer Jessie Green is determined to address through her work with algae（海藻）.

Jessie Green's fascination with algae took her from Melbourne to Morocco in early 2O2O， whereshe participated in a research program. During this time，she explored seaweed supply chains and developed algae - based recipes，which later motivated her unique rangeof algae-based bioplastic tablewares. This journey marked the beginning of her pursuit of finding a solution to traditionalplastic problems.

Though an artist at heart，Green'swork goes beyond creation. She aims to test the capacity of algae-based materials to replace polluting non-biodegradable plastics. By creating algae recipes and heating and redesigning containers，she identifies limitations while exploring the material'scommercialpotentialandend-of-life opportunities.Her bioplastic products feature a special surface quality and deep blue-green colors，appearing delicate yet highly functional. More importantly，they can be reshaped and reused when exposed to water or heat，ensuring a longer life cycle than traditional plastics.

After focusing on algae for five years，Green returned tostudy，absorbing herself inhistory and thephilosophyof science. These subjects inspire her current studio practice and drive her to continue exploring the interplay between biology and technology. She now also fields a number of custom designs，including“bigsheets”of bioplastic that can be used in various industries such as hanging curtains and exhibition stands.If every container，bowl，plate，or piece of packaging was asmultifunctional as these，the bins of the future could be empty. Her work serves as an example of the prospect of combining biologyand technology to create a more hopeful future.

1.Why does the author mention Dr.Sylvia Williams in paragraph 1？

A.To introduce different forms of plastic.

B.To illustrate the huge amount of plastic.

C. To highlight difficulty in making plastic.

D. To present the urgency of plastic pollution.

2．What did Jessie Green probably work on in early 2020？

A.Performing seaweed experiments.

B.Designing unique tableware patterns.

C. Conducting surveys on popular recipes.

D.Attending environmental protection projects.

3.Which of the following can best describe Jessie Green's products？

A．Artistic and disposable.

B.Profitable and traditional.

C.Innovative and recyclable.

D.Functional and waterproof.

4.What is the last paragraph mainly about concerning Jessie Green？

A.Her vision of future studies.

B. Her challenges in studio practice.

C.Her continued learning and research.

D.Her impact on the philosophy and science.

答題解析：

1.D。考查寫作方式。第一段引用Dr.SylviaWilliams 的話“Every piece of plastic ever made still existsinsomeform”是為了強調塑料污染的長期性和環境危害，從而引出解決這一問題的緊迫性。選項D正確，其他選項未直接體現“緊迫性”：A（塑料形式）和B（塑料數量）僅描述現象，C（制塑難度）與原文無關。

2.A。考查推理能力。第二段明確提到Green在摩洛哥參與研究項目時“explored seaweed supplychainsand developed algae-based recipes”，即研究海藻供應鏈并開發配方，屬于實驗性工作。選項A符合；B（設計餐具圖案）和C（食譜調查）偏離重點，D（環保項目）過于籠統，未體現具體實驗性質。

3.C。考查歸納信息能力。第三段描述Green的產品“can be reshaped and reused when exposed to waterorheat”，說明其可回收性（recyclable）；而使用海藻基材料替代傳統塑料屬于創新（innovative）。A（藝術性且一次性）中“disposable”錯誤，因產品可重復利用；B（盈利且傳統）和D（防水）均與原文矛盾。

4．C。考查主旨大意。末段核心內容為Green回歸學術領域學習科學史與哲學，并將這些知識融入實踐，持續探索生物與技術的結合。選項C準確概括；A（未來研究愿景）和D（對哲學科學的影響）偏離段落重點，B（工作室挑戰）未提及。

三、結語

閱讀B篇以現實問題為切口，引導讀者在理解文本的同時形成批判性思考。語篇敘事脈絡清晰，兼顧說明文發現和解決問題的邏輯鏈，指向核心主題。題目設置緊扣文本細節，要求考生回歸原文精準定位，避免脫離語境的過度解讀。備考時，考生需尤其關注兩點：一是透過現象看本質，在理解語篇表層信息之外，更應關注實踐精神與人文關懷的融合；二是培養細讀習慣，尤其注意敘事線索、邏輯關聯與概念定義，避免因遺漏信息誤判文意。測試的終極目的是立德樹人與選拔人才，考生需要將語言能力與思維品質協同發展，才能真正實現從“讀懂”到“讀透”的跨越。

【作者簡介：聶婷，廣東省羅永華名教師工作室助手，曾獲全國高中英語教師教學基本功大賽說課一等獎、近四年廣東省一模試題命題老師、參與國家級及省級課題4項，參編著作3部；發表論文多篇。王蔚，高中英語高級教師，江門市名教師工作室主持人，在國家級和省級刊物上發表論文數十篇，主持省級課題“核心素養下高中英語閱讀課堂提問策略的研究”，并參與多項省、市級課題】

責任編輯 吳昊雷