寫作實戰
版塊1(綜合文體)
說明文
練習:2008年奧運會即將在北京召開,越來越多的外國游客會到北京旅游。請根據提示寫一篇介紹北京動物園的短文。
提示:1.北京動物園是華北地區最大的動物園之一。
2.這里有成百上千種動物,有的還是珍稀(rare)動物。有各種鳥類,有大大小小的猴子,有待人和善的大象,還有國寶大熊貓等等。
3.到北京動物園一游,一定會不虛此行。
記敘文
練習:在你的成長過程中,父母和老師對你幫助很大。請你根據表格中提供的信息,以My Teacher,My Mother或My Father為題寫一篇短文,參加校園網英語學習園地的征文比賽。
注意:1.從所給的題目中任選一個。
2.短文必須包括表格內容,適當舉例,并談談自己的感受。
3.詞數:80~100。
4.文中不能出現真實姓名或校名。
議論文
練習:某英語雜志社“中學生專欄”在舉辦英語征文比賽。請你根據下表所列的內容要點,用英語以\"Learn t0 Smile\"為題寫一篇短文,參加比賽。參考詞匯:自信confidence(n.),confident(adj.);打敗beat(beat,beaten)(v.)
看圖寫短文
練習:請根據下面的五幅圖及所給的四個問句,結合你自己的生活實際,以Save Wa-ter為題,寫一篇80詞左右的短文。
提示:Why must we save water?What do weuse water for?What will happen if there is no。water?What can we do to save water?
注意:不要逐一回答問題。
版塊2(應用文體)
日記
練習:根據以下提示寫一篇日記。(1)今天是我的生日,早飯后我和父母一起乘車去長城,一小時后我們到達了便開始攀登長城。兩小時后我們到達長城頂,向四周看去,長城像一條龍(dragon)。父親告訴我長城是世界上的七大奇跡之一,我為此而自豪(feel proudof...)。(2)時間:7月25日,星期日。(3)天氣:晴。
書信
練習:假設你叫李玲,是英國中學生露茜的筆友,你收到了她的來信。請根據她的來信內容寫一封回信。針對她的困惑,談談你的看法,同時提出一些建議,告訴她應該做什么,不應該做什么。
便條
練習:假如你是大衛,星期一早晨因重感冒而不能上學。請給老師寫個請假條,告訴老師醫生建議你臥床休息兩天,并請老師同意。
電子郵件
練習:你的英文名叫Joe,下面是你的朋友John發給你的電子郵件。他在郵件中提到了關于學校準備開辦英語學習班的消息,你對此事很感興趣。請給John回一封郵件,詢問有關英語學習班的詳情。
提示:1.你對英語學習班很感興趣。
2.希望可以練習英語,結識朋友。
3.詢問英語學習班的上課時間、地點、內容以及費用。
賀卡
練習:明天是母親節,James準備給媽媽送賀卡。請你幫他寫張賀卡。
通知
練習:請以學生會(student union)的名義擬一個書面通知,通知日期為2007年4月2日。通知內容如下:四月四日晚七點半將在餐廳外舉辦一次露天音樂會(open-air concert),由北京來的流行歌手演唱。歡迎同學們參加,請自帶椅子。
啟事
練習:假設你是九年級一班的張大明,在校內撿到了一個書包,請你寫一則40詞左右的失物招領張貼在校園里,說明撿到書包的時間、地點,對書包作簡單的描述,并說明怎樣與你聯系。
名師導航
版塊1(綜合文體)
說明文
例文點評
The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing Soon.More and more foreigners willCome to visit Beijing.Now, let me introduceBeijing Zoo to you.
Beijing Zoo one of the biggest Zoos in North China. It has got hundreds of kinds ofanimals,including.some rare animals.In thiszoo you’ll see beautiful birds,playful monkeysand friendly elephants.Besides,you con Seepandas,the national treasures of China,and soon.And they are really cute.
Here,the zoo not only offer you much ani-mal knowledge,but also bring you lots of plea-sure.You won't feel sorry after visiting it.
簡評:這是一篇結構分明、層次清楚、解釋得當的短文。如能稍作擴展將會是一篇佳作。
解題點撥
說明文是以說明為主要表達方式,用簡潔明了的文字介紹事物、解釋事理的文章。常見的說明文有:解說詞、說明書、書文簡介、科普小品、內容提要等。
寫說明文要力求做到條理分明、層次清楚、語言精練、突出主題、合乎邏輯,具體應注意以下幾點:
1.設題明確,涉及的范圍要準確。所設的題目太大或太泛,就難以說清楚。
2.提供的事實必須是正確的,同時要按邏輯順序把它們安排好,通常是由淺入深,由易到難,由表及里,由始至末。這種層次容易讓讀者接受。
3恰當的例子可以給讀者留下具體的印象,特別是討論抽象的概念或過程時,必要的例子能幫助讀者理解文中所講的道理。
4.要說明一個事物的進行過程,可以把過程分成若干步驟,按進行的先后順序排列好,司借助first,second/then,third/next,last/fi-nally等表序列的詞來引導。
范文展示
Beijing Zoo is one 0f the largest zoos inthe north of China.There are hundreds of kindsof animals in it.Some of them are rare animals.Here we can See many different kinds of birds.which can sing nice songs.There are also bigand little monkeys running and jumping.Theyare very active just like naughty children.Theelephants have long trunks and big ears.Theyare very kind to people.We can See pandaswhich are national treasures of China.Theyhave good manners and are polite to visitors.They interest people very much.
We’ll certainly have a good time here.
記敘文
例文點評
My Father
My father is a policeman.He is thin buthealthy, for he likes doing sports.He alwaystells me“Health is wealth.”
My fother is very kind to others.He often helps people who he doesn’t know.And people say those thieves and bad men are afraid of myfather.They say he is good policeman.
My father is very busy every day.How-ever,as long as has time,he will go to mygrandparents’house and take care of them.Idon’t often see my father at home,but he wouldtake time to encourage me to work harder whenI didn’t get good grades.
I think I hare a good father.
簡評:本篇短文描寫“我的父親”,從“父親”的職業和外貌談起,圍繞“父親”的善良(kind)和繁忙(busy)兩個特點去描寫,結尾總結:我有一個好父親。短文重點突出,個性鮮明,并引用了諺語“健康就是財富”,運用了舉例等方法,寫得較成功。
解題點撥
記敘文用于記敘過去發生的事件,可以敘事,也可記人。記敘文包括歷史傳記、游記、報道、回憶錄和故事等。
寫記敘文的步驟:
1.審題。認真審題、弄清題意、明確要求是解題的起點。寫作之前應高度重視提示語中的一切信息,確定以什么內容或形式為主(如是記人還是敘事),以保證不跑題。
2.抓住要點。在認真審題、弄清題意的基礎上,要(1)點明時間;(2)介紹人物;(3)指出地點;(4)闡明原因;(5)敘述事件;(6)告訴結果。選用的詞語和句型要盡量用自己學過的、熟悉的、地道的,不要試圖創造中式英語,使文章大打折扣。
3.成文。組織材料形成短文,是完成文題的重要環節。寫作時要注意句與句之間的有機聯系,必要時可利用一些表示并列、轉折或遞進等意思的連詞,有時還可適當分段。
4.檢查。通讀全文、檢查復核并修改錯誤是不可缺少的一步。檢查時重點要看:(1)體裁對不對;(2)內容要點是否有遺漏;(3)語言形式是否正確;(4)結構安排是否合理;(5)書寫是否規范清晰,大小寫、標點符號是否正確;(6)詞數是否符合要求等。
范文展示
My Teacher .
My English teacher Ms Lee is very kind and easygoing.She helps me a lot.She takes good care of us.She often helps me with my English.When I’m in trouble.she always en-courages me to face my difficulties and givesme good advice.I still remember that once Ifailed an important English exam and was upset.She cheered me up and told me some good ways to improve my English.With her help.I made great progress in English and be-came increasingly interested in it.I’m very,thankful for all that she has done for me.I’lltoy my best to live up to her expectations.
議論文
例文點評
Learn to Smile
There are many unpleasant things in ourlives,like failing an exam, quarrelling with ourfriends or being fooled.Many people would feelsad or even angry when they met these things.In fact,being sad or angry nothing helpful.We should learn to smile to ourselves.Smiling can make us more confident.Sometimes we beat ourselves because we don’t have enough confidence.We should also learn to smile toothers,for smiling can make people closer.Smiling is also a language.It means to be kind,to be friendly and to show respect.It’s a lan-guage we can all understand.
簡評:文中第一句話如改成Have you ev-er failed an exam?Have you ever quarrelled with your friends? Or have yOU ever beenfooled?等設問的方式,肯定回答后再接上文開頭的There are many unpleasant things in our lives...會更能引起讀者的共鳴,并吸引他們繼續讀下去。上文中“Sometimes we beat ourselves.”改為被動語態“Sometimes we are beaten by ourselves.”語意更為突出。
解題點撥
議論文用來論證一個觀點、信念、主張,或批駁與之相反的觀點、信念、主張,以便說服和勸導別人,證明自己的觀點是正確的。報紙上發表的社論和短評、人們在討論會上的發言稿以及學生寫的論文等,都屬于議論文。
議論文由論點、論據和論證三部分組成。
寫議論文的步驟:
1.開頭。提出要討論的問題或中心論點,也可先列舉現象再點出主題。
2.正文。從正、反兩方面開展對論點的論證。在論證過程中要使用有說服力的論據,如:(1)實際現象;(2)個人經歷;(3)統計數字;(4)來自權威方面的資料等。將理論與事實結合起來“擺事實,講道理”,從而達到論證的目的。
3.結尾?;卮鹞恼麻_頭提出的問題,或重申你的觀點,也是對全文的總結。
中考英語議論文寫作注意要做到:論有中心,言之有據,論述全面。
范文展示
Learn to Smile
Smile shows an attitude(態度)t life.In ourlife.there may be something unpleasant.For ex-ample,you fail an exam;or another time,youare misunderstood bv your friends.These un-pleasant things may make you feel bad.Thenwhat will you do?Why not learn to smile?Smiling to yourself can bring back yourconfidence.Sometimes.the greatest enemy isyourself.that’s to say,sometimes,you arebeaten by yourself.We should also learn tosmile to others.It will help us to get closer toothers.So,smile is the most widely understoodlanguage.
看圖寫短文
例文點評
Save Water
Everyone knows that we cant’t live without water.We drink water.We use water to cookfood and wash ourselves.Water is important.Though there is plenty of sea water,but we canuse water less and less.Because more andmore water has been polluted or wasted bypeople.If we don’t save water now,the last drop of water will be our tear drop.
So,everyone,let’s do something to savewater right now.We can turn off the showerwhile we put shampoo on our hair.After wewash the rice,we can store the water forwatering flowers,and so on.Remember:Savingwater is saving ourselves.
簡評:此篇文章能根據要求,以水的重要性和如何節約水為重點,逐層論證并提出“Saving water is saving ourselves.\"可以說寫得比較成功。但是有個別句子需稍作修改。如:①“We drink water.We use water to cook food and wash ourselves.”改為“We not only drink water,but also use water to cook food and wash ourselves.\"更好。②\"Though there is plenty of sea water,but we can use water less and less.”改為“Though there is plenty of sea water.the water we can use is becoming less and less.\"更好。英語中\"though\"與\"but\"不能同時出現在一句話中,從句意上理解后半句應為“我們能使用的水正變得越來越少:the water we canuse is becoming less and less”。
解題點撥
看圖寫短文一般是根據圖畫上的內容和關鍵情節,想像出一個完整的故事。寫作時可大致采取以下步驟:
1.細看。仔細觀察圖畫中的情景,正確理解圖畫的內涵并合理發揮自己的想像力。
2.試寫。用自己熟悉的詞和句型將觀察到的畫面內容試寫出來。寫作時要根據自己的實際水平,揚長避短,力求使表達清楚通順,符合英語用法習慣。切忌先用漢語編好文句,再逐字翻譯。
3.擴聯。適當增加一定情節,運用關連詞和過渡性詞語,把寫出來的句子串聯成語句通順連貫的短文。
4.復查。認真結合畫面提供的信息,對短文進行檢查和修改,注意看上下文是否連貫,情節是否合理,語法是否正確,單詞拼寫、標點符號是否有誤等。
范文展示
Save Water
Water is very important in our life.For example,we brush teeth with water,and farmers use it to water plants.If there is no water.we can’t cook food and can’t put out the fire.In a word,we can’t live without water.We must try our best to save water.We should turn off the shower when we put shampoo on the hair.Also,we should save water by turning off the tap after we use it.So it’s necessary for us to save water.
版塊2(應用文體)
日記
例文點評July 25,Sunday,fine
Today is my birthday.I and my parentswent to the Great Wall after breakfast.We tookabout an hour to get there by car.After reach-ing there.we began to climb the Great Wall.Two hours later,we got to the top of the GreatWall.We look around,found that the GreatWall was like a huge dragon.Father told methat the Great Wall was one of the seven won-ders in the world. I really felt proud of it.
簡評:這篇日記只是照著提示翻譯一遍,有些句與句之間的銜接不太好,如:I reallyfelt proud of it.前可加上Hearing this或When Iheard this等連結性語句來承上啟下。學生在寫完之后要再讀一遍,通過語感在必要的地方加上適當的銜接詞像and。besides,notonly...but also,neither...nor等等。(學生們可通過多閱讀地道的英語文章來提高語感。)此外,日記的格式也是占分的一項,別忘了把天氣情況寫在日期的最右側。
無論寫哪類文章都要積累大量的詞匯和句型,日記中“We took about an hour to getthere by car.”應改為We spent about an hourgetting there by car.或It took us about an hourto get there by car.描寫實景和客觀事實時可用一般現在時來表述。We look around.foundthat the Great Wall was like a huge dragon.改為:Looking around,I found that the GreatWall is like a huge dragon.而下句…the GreatWall was one of the seven wonders in the world.中的was要改成is。結尾“I really felt proud ofit.”(我為長城感到驕傲。)如再進一步升華為“我為中華民族感到驕傲”,如:I felt veryproud of our country and our people.Chinesepeople are great!則更好。
解題點撥
日記是把自己在當天生活中經歷的有意義的事及所見、所聞、所感記載下來的一種文體。通常以第一人稱按日進行記事。(中考英語對英文日記的考查側重于格式及如何寫好敘事類日記。)
日記的格式:
1.日期須清楚地顯示于正文的左上角,按月、日、年(美)+星期或日、月、年(英)+星期的順序;天氣情況寫在正文的右上角。
2.日記一般無標題,但如想點明日記的內容主題,可在日期的下一行中間書寫標題。
3.正文按記敘文的格式書寫。由于日記記載的事情通常已經發生,時態通常以“過去時態”為主,但景物描寫、議論某事、對話引用通常使用“一般現在時”。
范文展示
July 25,Sunday
Fine
Today is my birthday.After breakfast I took a bus to the Great Wall with my parents.An hour later we got there.Then we began to climb.The Great Wall was built on the top of mountains,so it was very hard to climb.It took us two hours to reach the top of it.On the top we looked around.The Great Wall goes alongthe mountains and looks like a dragon.Dadtold me that the Great Wall is one of the seven wonders in the world.When I heard this.I felt very proud of our country and our people.Chinese people are great!
書信
例文點評
Dear Lucy:
l was glad to get your letter.But I'm alittle worried about you.understand you,because l am a fan of Jacky Cheng.When Iread your letter, I like it was me.But to berealistic,Tom Cruise must have got millions offans like you.I am sure that he does't havethe time to answer all the letters.He needstime to make movies for his fans, for the world.He also needs time to keep fit and to spendwith his family .Just think,if he couldn’t makeany films,and he became very fat and weak,would you be crazy about him? So if you lovehim,you must respect him,surport him andunderstand him .If you go on doing like this,you will fall behind other students,and you will surely feel sorry for this in the future.
Or maybe you can have a talk with some adults,like your teacher or your parents.They might have experienced the same problems when they were young.
Wish you good luck!
Yours,
Li Ling
簡評:這封信從兩方面著筆,一是分析問題,二是提出建議,分析得較透徹(引用了自己的親身經歷,更有說服力),建議合理,應該對讀信者有所幫助。
解題點撥
書信是我們用以交涉事物、增進了解、交流思想、聯絡感情的一個重要工具,也是與遠方親戚、朋友互相問候、溝通信息、保持聯系或洽談業務的一種方式。
書信的種類:按文體來說,它可分為正式的和非正式的;按內容來說,一般分為私人信件、社交信件和公務信件。
信封的寫法:信封正面的左上角,書寫發信人的姓名、地址。信封中央向下依次寫收信人的姓名和地址(地址按由小到大的順序書寫)。
書信的寫法:
1.信頭。用來寫明發信人的地址和寫信日期,寫在信紙的右上角,先寫地址,后寫日期。
2.稱呼。對收信人的尊稱語,自成一行寫在低于信頭一兩行的地方,從信紙的左邊頂格寫起。通常在收信人名字前加上\"Dear\",稱呼語后用逗號(美國和加拿大英語多用冒號)。
3.信的正文。這是一封信的核心部分,要在稱呼下面一行開始。正文內容盡量簡明扼要,條理清楚;語言通俗易懂,坦誠禮貌。如果信中涉及的事情不多,可用一段寫完。如陳述的事情較多,則分段敘述,每段第一行向右縮進約四個字母。
英語書信中常見的開頭語有:
I was very pleased to hear from you.(收到你的來信我十分高興。)I am sorry it hastaken me a long time to reply your last letterbut…(很抱歉,這么久才回你的上次來信,只是……)How are you getting on with yourEnglish study?(你英語學得怎么樣了?)
結尾常用語:
Please write back soon.(請速回信。)Pleasegive my love to your family.(請代我問候你的全家。)I’m afraid I have to stop now,but Iwill write again.(恐怕我得擱筆了,不過我會再來信的。)Good luck to you!(祝您好運!)Allmy best wishes for the future.(祝您一切順利!)
4.結尾謙稱。位于正文下面一兩行偏右的位置,第一個詞的第一個字母要大寫,末尾用逗號。
常見的結尾謙稱語:
(1)寫給不太熟識的宜用:Yours faithfully(您忠誠的),Yours truely(您忠實的),Yours verytruly(您非常忠實的)。
(2)寫給上級、長者或老師的有:Yoursrespectfully(您恭順的)。Very respectfully yours(您恭順的)。
(3)寫給—般朋友、熟人的有:Yours sincere-1y(您真誠的),Yours very sincerely(您非常真誠的),Yours cordially(您真摯的)。
(4)寫給親屬或摯友的有:Yours(您的),Ever yours(您的)。Lovingly yours(您的),Foreveryours(永遠是您的),Your loving son/daughter/sister...(您的愛子、女、姐妹……)。
5.簽名。即寫信人署名,寫在結束語下面偏右側。注:①無論手寫或打字的信,都必須用墨水筆親自簽名以表示鄭重。②如信首稱呼收信人的是全名,寫信人的簽名也應是全名。
范文展示Dear Lucy,
Nice to hear from you.Everyone has hisfavounte stars and there’s nothing wrong withthat.I understand you.But I don’t think whatyou do is right since you are a student.You’d better read more interesting books and have more sports in your free time.Stop writing to him or watching his films.You may also tell your problem to your parents and teachers.I’msure they’ll help you.Running away to Holly-wood is a wrong idea. Work hard on yourlessons and get ready for the exams.Your fu-ture is in your hands.
Yours,
Li Ling
便條
例文點評 DearSir,
I got 8 bad cold.1 went to see the doctorthis morning,and he said I should lie bedfor two days.I’m sorry that,I con’t go to school today and tomorrow.I hope l can get better soon.Thanks.
Yours,
David
簡評:“I got a bad cold”改為I have got a bad cold,指病情仍與現在有關?!癐 hope I can get better soon.”最好換成能否得到許可\"May I apply for a two days’leave?”或刪掉。另外,病假條要標注日期。
解題點撥
便條是一種簡單的書信形式,常用于熟悉的朋友或同事之間等臨時通知、詢問或直接留言。它包括:留言條、請假條、借條和證明等。一般由稱呼、正文、署名、日期等組成。
在寫便條時應該注意以下幾個方面:
1.日期從簡。日期多寫在正文右上角或寫在末尾即署名的下一行(沒有嚴格限制)。
2.稱呼、署名較為隨意。由于留言條多用于比較熟悉的人之間使用,因此可直呼其名,署名時直接簽上自己的名字即可。
3.正文簡明扼要。文字簡單緊湊并明確無誤(正文一般只需兩三句話)。
范文展示
Asking for aleave
Monday morning Dear Sir,
I’m very sorry that I cannot come to school this morning because I’ve got a bad cold.The doctor advised me to stay in bed for two days.May I apply for a two days’leave?Thanks.
David
電子郵件
例文點評Dear John,
l’m glad to hear from you.And I’m really interested in the English evening class you mentioned.Like you know,I like English very much.I want to practice my English.I wont to make more friends.Could you please tell mewhen and where the English evening class willbegin, what do they teach and how much is it?
Hope to hearfrom you soon.
Joe
簡評:電子郵件的格式相對比較寬松,此篇電子郵件基本完成了題目要求?!癓ike you know”(像你所知道的那樣)應改為As you know才對?!癐 want to make more friends.”前加上and或also,可使文章銜接得更緊?!癈ould you please tell me when and where the English evening class will begin.what do they teach and how much is it?”一句過長,出現了賓語從句語序錯誤,且不易察覺,不妨分成短句,改為Would you please tell me when and wherethe English evening class will begin?Do you know what they teach and how much it is?
解題點撥
電子郵件是當今網絡時代問候、溝通、保持聯系或洽談業務的既快捷又經濟的一種書信方式。它與用紙筆寫的英文書信在內容上相差不多,但結構上更加隨意。它由電郵地址、標題、稱呼、正文和落款組成。
1.電郵地址。在\"From\"欄內填入寫信人的電郵地址;在“To”欄內填人收信人的電郵地址。
2.標題。要簡練而富有特點,填寫在信箱地址欄下\"subject\"一欄中。
(由于篇幅有限,在此不提供電郵地址和標題的具體形式。)
3.稱呼。頂格寫。
4.內容。要直接明了,盡量使用簡單句,以使讀信人能輕松理解郵件。
5.落款。居右寫(也可以放在最后一行中你愿意的任何位置),可直接寫明是誰寫的郵件。
范文展示Dear John,
Thanks very much for the informationabout the English evening class.It sounds veryinteresting to me.You know I want to practisemy English and make some new friends.I thinkthis English evening class will be helpful tome.Could you please tell me a little moreabout the class?When does it begin and howmuch does it cost?Where will the class beheld? Also.do you have any more informationabout what we will do in class?
I’m looking forward to hearing from youas soon as possible.
Yours,
Joe
賀卡
例文點評
簡評:母親節應表示為:Mother’s Day。學生經常將hope與wish弄混,英語中表示祝福時用\"wish\",如:Wish you to be healthy.(祝你健康。)Wish you a merry Christmas.(祝你圣誕快樂。)“hope\"一般用來表示對未來的期待和希望,如:I hope to see you soon.(我希望不久能見到你。)I hope that it will be sunny tomorrow.(我希望明天是晴天。)所以賀卡中的hope須改成wish。
解題點撥
賀卡的基本結構:賀卡包括稱呼、賀詞和簽名三個部分。
1.稱呼。主要是指祝賀人對受祝賀人的稱呼。如:To my teacher,前面可不加to,如:Mydear mother。稱呼一般在賀卡的左上方頂格寫。
2.賀詞。主要寫一些固定的祝賀節日的用語。如:Happy New Year to you!或Merry Christmas!或Happy Birthday!等。也可根據實際情況寫一點簡單的表示感謝或良好祝愿的話。
3.簽名。祝賀人的姓名寫在賀卡的右下方,在姓名前常加上From。如:From yourstudents,From Mrs Green等。
范文展示
通知
例文點評
NOTICE
We will hold an open-air concert outsidethe dining hall on April 4th at seven thirty inthe evening.Some Beijing's pop singers willsing in the concert.Welcome all of you to cometo see the concert.Please bring your chair withyou.
Student Union
April 2nd,2007
簡評:此通知用第一句話將通知的事件、時間和地點交代清楚了,要注意先寫地點再寫時間,時間的順序應由小到大書寫,文中“on May 4th at seven thirty in the evening”應改為“at seven thirty in the evening on May4th”或“at 7:30 p.m.On May 4th”?!氨本﹣淼牧餍懈枋帧弊詈米g為“some pop singers fromBeijing”,因為\"from\"常被用來表示祖籍或來源地,如“一個山東人”譯為“a person fromShandong Province”?!翱囱莩獣蓖ǔWg為watch a concert或enjoy a concert。
解題點撥
通知是上級對下級、組織對成員部署工作、傳達事情或召開會議所使用的一種文體。可分為口頭通知和書面通知。
格式:
1.標題??陬^通知一般用Announcement,書面通知用Notice。為了醒目起見,標題字母常常全用大寫字母,如NOTICE。
2.稱呼。口頭通知有稱呼語,如:“Boys andgids”,“Ladies and gentlemen”等,也可用提醒聽眾注意的詞語或句子,如:“(Your)Attention,please!”“May I have your attention,please?”等。為了禮貌起見,口頭通知最后一般加一句“Thank you(for listening)!”但書面通知不必如此。
3.語言。通知的語言較為規范,正文要求(時間、地點、有關事宜)準確無誤,流暢得體,且經常使用含被動語態的句式。
4.落款。通知的單位名稱一般作為落款寫在通知的右下角。
5.日期。通常寫在單位落款下面或頂格寫在最后一行。
范文展示
NOTICE
There will be an open-air concert given bysome pop stars from Beijing.All the studentsare welcome to enjoy it.
Time:7:30 p.m.April 4th,2007
Place:Outside the dining hall
Attention:Please don’t forget to takechairs with you.
Student Union
April 2nd,2007
啟事
例文點評
Found
Yesterday afternoon,when,was on myway home,picked up a school bag in theschool yard.It Was dark blue.There were manybooks and an e-dictionary in it.If this is yourbag,please come to Class 1.Grade 9.I will re-turn it to you.
ZhangDaming
簡評:學生寫作時容易按照漢語思維先寫時間,再寫事件。英語的習慣是把時間放在事件的后面寫,如果想要提前表示強調,可用逗號隔開,即在when 1 was n my way home后加上逗號?!皃ick up”在英語中表示“把……拾/撿起來”,要想表達“撿到某個東西”要用find(過去式found)。描寫所拾到物品的話語應該用一般現在時態,如:“It is dark blue.”“There are many books and an e-dictionary init.”
解題點撥
啟事是一種公告性應用文。當機關、團體或個人在有事需要向公眾說明或者請求幫助時,可以把要說的事情簡要地寫成啟事張貼出去。要求語言精練。常見的啟事有遺失啟事(Lost)、招領啟事(Found)等。
格式:
1.啟事的標題放在正文上方中間的位置。
2.正文的右上角須寫明啟事的具體日期。
3.在正文中寫清楚你所撿到或丟失的東西的名稱,尋物啟事須寫明具體特征。
4.最后要寫清楚在什么地方認領以及聯系方式。
范文展示
Found
July 1st,2007
A school bag was found on the playgroundyesterday afternoon.It is black and orange,witha lot of things in it.Anyone who lost it pleasego to Class,Grade 9.I’m Zhang Daming.