“短文改錯”命題風格探析

摘 要：短文改錯的命題特點是高中英語教學研究的熱點，筆者就近幾年的高考題做出以下分析。

關鍵詞：短文改錯 特點 風格

一、能力要求

短文改錯旨在測試考生發現、糾正語篇中錯誤的能力，考查考生綜合運用英語的準確性。

二、特點與風格

短文改錯多采用一篇100個詞左右的短文，其中正確的為1題，多余詞判斷約2題，缺詞判斷約１題，改錯約5—6題。短文改錯的命題多從以下幾方面考慮：1.英語單詞的形式錯誤。2.學生受漢語影響容易犯的錯誤。3.估計考生可能會出現的錯誤。

三、短文改錯中錯誤類型的歸納

a）英語單詞的形式錯誤

1.動詞

英語動詞多變的外在形式，是這類題型命題的熱點，應加以重視。

（1）現在時第三人稱單數

But not all information are good to society.(2004—1)is

Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything.(2005—1)allows

（2）時態

I gained so much confidence that I go back to school. (2006天津) went

but the bell was ringing，so I just have to stop here. (2007)is

（3）被動語態

Today，I got a letter that said I had been admitting to a college. (2006天津)admitted

（4）動名詞

It’s like going to a huge library without have to walk around to find your books. (2004—1) having

（5）不定式

I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person. (2006天津) become

I’m writing to ask you ^ come to our class for a visit.(2006浙江)to

2.名詞

There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. (2005-1)advantages

But one and half year later. (2005-2)years

3.代詞

On the first day of camp，you came up to myself while I was sitting alone.(2006天津) me

but I believe you personal experience will be a lot better.(2006浙江)your

4.詞性

...you always gave me specially attention... (2006天津) special

I hope that you think about my request and visit us as soon as possibly.(2006浙江)possible

I’m little of course，but terribly quick and bravely.(2007)brave

ｂ）學生受漢語影響容易犯的錯誤

1.忽視英語介詞遠比漢語介詞活躍這一特性

Because ^ the help you gave me that summer，my life changed. (2006天津) of I’m the happiest in all! (2007) of

2.忽視漢語中沒有和英語冠詞相對應的詞語這一特性

I gained so much confident that I go back to school as ^ new person. (2006天津)a

I meant to write ^ long letter and tell you all the things I’m doing at school. (2007)a

3.忽視一致現象

Some students may also save up for our college or future use.(2005-1)their

ｃ）估計考生可能會出現的錯誤

1.冗言

Evening came down..(2002) down

Since you have visited Greece several times， soI would like to know whether you have seen the old buildings there.(2006浙江)so

2.重視對從句的考查

I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me. (2004-2)why

My school is organizing a basketball team and there’s a chance which I can join it. (2007)that

四、做短文改錯題應注意的問題

1.不僅要注意語法或用詞錯誤，還要注意語篇上的錯誤。2.判斷錯誤要聯系上下文，貫通全文理解判斷。3.不僅要掌握動詞時態、名詞的數、介詞搭配等，還要弄懂文章的含義及邏輯關系。4. 避免劣質短文改錯的誤導，精選與高考題相近的高質量的短文改錯作為練習。

參考文獻：

［1］齊平昌.高考考生考前疑難問答筆錄.首都師范大學出版社.

［2］何國貴.英語新構想.北京民進咨詢服務中心.

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