運用情境法師生對話《美國觀光》課堂

在講《英語口語教程》第二冊第四單元C部分《美國觀光》這節課時，關于教師怎么教、學生怎么學，課題組的教師進行了認真研究后，共同設計了這樣的教學程序：教師借助教材內容，用師生交流一幅畫的辦法，讓學生感知美國著名自然景觀的秀麗，在感知中入情；用課文錄音和自然風光照片對照的辦法，讓學生理解、記住自然景觀的名稱，并能簡單地描述景觀，在聽說中悟情；用查找資料和教師示范的辦法，讓學生能完整地描述各自然景觀，在想象中融情；用表演情景故事的辦法，讓學生把所學的知識運用到實際生活的交際中，在對話中升情。運用“情境法”師生對話《美國觀光》課堂，收到了較好的教學效果。具體的教學過程如下：

一、創設情境

一上課教師就用多媒體展示一幅畫，讓學生觀察，并提出請同學們用一句話概括畫的內容。生答：畫面上有陡峭的大山，有碧綠的湖水。師說：說得不錯，哪位同學還能說得再具體點呢？生答：畫面上還有郁郁蔥蔥的大樹和幾朵粉色的小花。師說：說得好，你喜歡這些美麗的自然風光嗎？生答：喜歡。師說：同學們，你們喜歡嗎？生答：喜歡。師說：你們是喜歡這張照片呢？還是喜歡自然風光本身呢？生答：都喜歡。師說：那么就讓我們一起走進美國風光，看看美國的自然風光到底如何。教師邊說邊板書課題。

二、進入情境

教師展示一組圖片，讓學生觀察，并組織以下活動：

（一）朗讀全文

放錄音，并展示一組美國自然風光的圖片。在朗讀前教師出示根據課文內容設計的問題，讓學生邊聽邊思考，要求不但要了解課文內容，還要模仿純正地道的語音語調，培養學生的英語口感和英語思維能力。

1. What are the names of the natural scenery according to the passage?

2. How does the writer describe the natural scenery?

（二）出示圖片

要求學生對照圖片，參照教材，對上述兩個問題一一作出回答。

1. The Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky Mountains

There are two main mountain ranges in the US— —the Appalachian Mountains in the east and the Rocky Mountains in the west.

2. The Mississippi River

The Mississippi River is one of the world’s great continental rivers. It has been called “Father of Waters” or “Old Man River”.

3. The Great Lakes

The Great Lakes are Lake Superior，which is the largest fresh water lake in the world，Lake Michigan，Lake Huron，Lake Ontario，and Lake Erie. They are all located between Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan，which is the only one of the five entirely in the US.

4. Niagara Falls

Niagara Falls is one of the national parks in the US. It is the nation’s most impressive natural wonder and a major scenic attraction of the world. It draws some 5 million visitors each year.

5. The Grand Canyon

The Grand Canyon is one of the most spectacular canyons in the world. It is a deep gorge 200 miles long，one mile deep，cut by the Colorado River at the bottom.

6. The Yellowstone National Park

The Yellowstone National Park is situated in Wyoming，Montana and Idaho，in the Rockies. It is famous not only for its scenic attraction and wild animals，but also for its geysers.The biggest geyser is known as Old Faithful，which means it is always loyal and true to its promise of sending water up at certain time.

（三）教師評價

教師進行指導、糾正，并作出評價。

三、融入情境

上節課給同學們留的作業是查找美國著名自然景觀的詳細資料，現在請大家進行交流。教師指導學生后，作出示范。

（一）參與交流

在閱讀課文和查找資料的基礎上，學生在各小組內進行討論，讓學生動腦思考，動口說話，參與活動。遇到解決不了的問題，敢于向教師提問。教師進行指導、糾正。參與交流以下兩個問題。

1. What have you checked about the natural scenery?

2. Please give us your brief introduction.

（二）教師示范

教師就美國黃石國家公園對照圖片進行描述。給學生以思考，給學生以啟迪，為以后運用、交際做出榜樣和奠定基礎。教師繪聲繪色地說：

The Yellowstone National Park is situated in Wyoming，Montana and Idaho，in the Rockies. It covers an area of 8956 square kilometers. It was set up as a national park in 1872. It’s named after the Yellowstone River.

The forests in the park are dense，keeping the natural scenery of the virgin forest. The Yellowstone National Park is famous for its geysers. The biggest geyser is known as Old Faithful. When it is spurting，the natural water column rises to the sky. It sends up a column of hot water 50-60 meters high. Just like a volcanic eruption. It’s wonderful and magnificent.

The hot springs consist of many hot pools. Their banks are colorful，such as red，yellow，blue，white，purple or brown. They shine upon each other，which make up a vivid pattern. The hot water in the pools falsl down from the high place，which becomes countless falls. The falls flow into the Yellowstone River and then rush down the Yellowstone Canyon that lies in the north of the park. The walls of the Yellowstone Canyon are orange and reddish orange. They look like tortuous colored ribbons. They are splendid under the sunshine matching the falls.

There is also a Yellowstone Lake in the park. The Yellowstone National Park is a wild animals’ protecting place. The animals are not afraid of people because they are protected very well. They always stand beside the roads and the cars，waiting for being fed by people.

What a good place of experiencing and enjoying the nature the Yellowstone National Park is!

四、運用情境

在運用情境時，采用相關聯想的辦法，拓展知識，編擬話題，把具體情景與現實生活引入教學，讓學生聲情并茂地進行對話表演。

1. You want to travel the US. You seek advice from a travel agency through the phone.

2. You come to the travel agency and seek advice from an agent face to face.

3. You arrive in the US and come to certain American natural scenery following the traveling group of the agency.

運用情境法，師生對話課堂，不但能使學生掌握美國著名自然景觀的名稱，不斷提高學生對自然景觀描述的交際能力，而且還能改變教師的教學行為方式和學生的學習行為方式。面對當今的新課改實驗，這種嘗試是很有意義的。但以上探索僅僅是初步實驗，更系統、更科學的研究，還有待于今后不斷地修正和提高。