任務型讀寫設空策略

2009年安徽省高考英語命題進行了改革，其中最大的變化就是去掉了短文改錯，增加了任務型讀寫。這是一個新題型，考生必須給予高度的關注。該題的題型結構為一篇300字左右的短文和表格，它要求考生歸納概括文中要點，整合零散信息并且把系統化的信息以表格形式有序地表述出來，使零散信息條理化、明朗化、簡單化和形象化。通過閱讀表格，讀者迅速理清文章結構，獲取主要信息，抓住段落主題，了解文章的大意。它是對已閱讀信息二次加工的過程，體現出了新課改增加客觀表達題的努力和未來的命題方向。

一、引用原詞題

這是基礎題，學生只要在文中捕捉到相關信息，直接引用原文單詞就行了。該類題考核學生是否讀懂原文，能否對文中有效信息(文中直接找到)進行篩選，從而捕捉到所需單詞。難度較低，適應于絕大部分學生。如:

①短文:What comes first is to keep an open mind，because Everyone’s ideas deserve thinking.

圖表:Keep an open mind to everyone’s(ideas/opinion/thoughts/views)。

②短文:In America，the climate is becoming more extreme——the summers are getting hotter and the storms are becoming more violent.

圖表:In America，(hotter)summers.More(violent)storms.Worst floods.

二、提煉新詞題

這是提高題，不僅考核學生從文中捕捉有效信息的能力，還考核學生的整合能力:對文章的原句，根據句型結構變化和語法要求或邏輯推理計算進行加工，從而提煉出新詞的能力。這種設空根據提煉方式不同可分為以下幾種情況。

1.基于原詞

(1)同源詞

③短文:Artemis accidentally killed her while hunting.

圖表:Artemis killed her by(accident).

(2)語法變形

④短文:Wearing the heavy coat embarrasses his movements.

圖表:His movements are(embarrassed)by wearing the heavy coat.

⑤短文:It is becoming a matter ofconcern for more and more people.

圖表:More and more people came to be(concerned)about children’s in recent years.

2.基于意義

(1)變化結構

⑥短文:Do not smoke for at least 30 minutes.Avoid alcohol for the rest of the day.

圖表:(stop/no/avoid)smoking for not less than 30 minutes.

(2)同義替換

⑦短文:Do not do any laborious activity for24 hours.

圖表:(09安徽高考說明)Don’t perform any laborious activity for a(whole)day.

⑧短文:Wealth is as old as human history.

圖表:Wealth originated from the(beginning)of the human history.

(3)推理

⑨短文:She(Artemis)was also the twin sister of Apollo.

圖表:Artemis was the goddess ofhunting，daughter of Zeus and Leto，with the twin (brother)，Apollo.

⑩短文:Poverty is the lack of food or shelter.

3.基于計算

{11}短文:Entering the 21stcentury，almost a billion people were unable to read.

三、綜合概括新詞題

根據表格的要求，綜合概括出文章的標題、段落大意、文章目的、結論、文章主題、作者意圖、表格中的上一級項目等，所填單詞往往在文中找不到，要求較高，難度較大?？忌仨氃陂喿x理解的基礎上，結合表格的內容和結構對閱讀信息進行二次加工，歸納要點，整合零散信息，并根據表格的形式把加工后的信息準確、有序(單詞大小寫和語法變形、文章的內容順序與表格的內容順序)地表達出來。如:

{12}短文:The local university blood center had a blood drive today at the Civic Center auditorium。