淺析反意疑問句

摘要: 本文針對學生常遇到的反意疑問句的問題，結合作者自己多年的教學經驗，對反意疑問句的用法進行了歸納總結。

關鍵詞: 反意疑問句用法總結

在英語教學過程中，學生對反意疑問句的用法總是比較模糊，對此，我針對學生常遇到的問題，結合自己多年的教學經驗，對反意疑問句的用法進行了歸納總結。

反意疑問句用于提出情況或看法，要求對方同意或確認。這種問句由兩部分組成，前一部分用陳述句的形式，后一部分是一個附加疑問句，兩部分的時態要一致。

一、如果陳述句為肯定形式，附加疑問句通常用否定形式;如果陳述句為否定形式，附加疑問句就用肯定形式。如:

(1)I am as tall as your sister， aren’t I?

(2)You’d better read it by yourself， hadn’t you?

(3)You’d like to go there， wouldn’t you?

(4)What a girl (she is)， isn’t she?

(5)What colors (they are)， aren’t they?

(6)That is not a nice coat， is it?

(7)Most of the news won’t be true， will it?

如果陳述句里包含有neither， no， none， no one， nobody， nothing， barely， hardly， scarcely， hardly ever， seldom， little， few， nowhere等否定詞語，就按否定句處理。如:

(1)You have nothing against it， have you?

(2)You have never met each other before， have you?

(3)He seldom plays balls， does he?

(4)There’s little money with him， is there?

(5)None of food was wasted， was it?

但要注意的是，加否定前綴的詞，表示相反的意思，不是否定詞。如unfit， important， dislike， unpractical等，如:

(1)He dislikes this idea， doesn’t he?

(2)He was unpractical， wasn’t he?

二、附加疑問句的主語。

陳述句的主語是anyone和no one等指人的合成不定代詞時，附加疑問句的主語用they;如果是指物的不定代詞，則附加疑問句的主語用it，如:

(1)Someone had recognized him， hadn’t they?

(2)Neither of them complained， did they?

(3)Nobody knows it， do they? (正式文體中常用he)

(4)Everything is ready， isn’t it?(指物用it)

注:

1.陳述句的主語是none of them(或復數名詞)時，附加疑問句的主語用they，如:

None of them are busy，are they?

2.陳述句的主語是none of us和some of you時，附加疑問句的主語分別用we和you，如:

(1)None of us knew the way，did we?

(2)Some of you are learning French，aren’t you?

3.陳述句的主語是some of us時，說話人把自己包括在內用we，說話人把自己排斥在外用they，如:

(1)Some of us wanted to stay longer，didn’t we?(包括自己在內)

(2)On the return journey some of us lost the way，didn’t they?(把自己排斥在外)

4.陳述句中含有并列主語時需特別注意，如:

(1)Either Tom or he studies polities，don’t they?

(2)Neither you nor I am an engineer，are we?

三、陳述句為復雜句，附加疑問句通常重復主句的主語和功能詞，如:

He said she would visit Japan， didn’t he?

但要注意下列幾種用法:

(1)It’s said that he has been abroad，hasn’t he?

(2)It’s the first time he has been here，hasn’t he?

(3)I don’t think that he is a nice boy，is he?

(比較:I think he is not hones，is he?)

(4)I was told that he had been chosen as a player，hadn’t he?

四、祈使句后可以加一個附加疑問句，使口氣變得客氣一些。這時，陳述部分和疑問部分就沒有反意關系。一般情況下，可在祈使句后加will you或won’t you，助動詞也可以用can / can’t / could / would。如:

(1)Have a little more coffee， will you?

(2)Take a seat， won’t you?

(3)Don’t do that again， will you?

但以Let， Let’s或Let us開頭的祈使句要特別注意:

(1)Let’s have a seat， shall we?

(2)Let me know， will you / may I?

(3)“Let us go and have a look，shall we?”he said to her.(包括對方在內。)

(4)“Let us go in， will you?” he said to the guard. (不包括對方，助動詞不用“shall”，但也可用would / won’t / can’t。)

五、帶情態動詞和used to的陳述句后的附加疑問句如:

(1)He needn’t go， must / need he?

(比較:You need to go home， don’ t you?)

(2)This must be yours， isn’t it?

(3)You must start early tomorrow， needn’t / mustn’t you?

(4)He must have been waiting for you， hasn’t he? (如有具體時間狀語如yesterday， 則用wasn’t he)

(5)It can’t have rained last night，did it?

(6)He dare not say so，dare he?

(比較:She doesn’t dare to go home，does she?)

(7)He ought to go and ask the teacher，shouldn’t he(人)/ oughtn’t he?(物)

(8)We have to listen to the talk，don’t we?

(9)You should have come earlier，didn’t you?

(10)I wish to go there alone，may I?

(11)He used to take pictures there，usedn’t / didn’t he?果

六、在一些其他情況下也間或不遵循反意疑問句的規律，這時帶有譏諷、輕蔑、責備、威嚇的口吻，如:

(1)——I won’t let you do it!

——You won’t， won’t you?

(2)So that’s your little trick， is it?

(3)Oh， you’ve had another accident， have you?

有時不帶這類口吻，指說話人通過推斷或回憶作出結論:

(1)Your car is outside， is it?

(2)So he likes the idea， does he?

(3)So you don’t want to go， don’t you?

七、回答反意疑問句時，如果答案是肯定的，前面要用yes，否則用no。在陳述句為否定句時要特別注意，這時英語回答和漢語回答是不一致的，如:

(1)You are not going out today， are you?

——No， I am not.

——Yes， I am.

(2)George wasn’t there that day， was he?

——No， he wasn’t.

——Yes， he was.

一般來說，反意疑問句及其回答中的肯定否定關系可以用下面這個公式表示(+表示肯定，-表示否定):

問句中:+，-或-，+，

回答中:+，+或-，-。