讀寫任務(wù)中寫作要點(diǎn)的拓展方法

讀寫任務(wù)要求考生用大約120個(gè)詞圍繞一個(gè)主題和已給出的兩到三個(gè)要點(diǎn)發(fā)表自己的看法。每個(gè)要點(diǎn)大概用40—60個(gè)詞來(lái)拓寫。下面結(jié)合要點(diǎn)的不同種類談?wù)劯髯缘耐卣狗椒ā?/p>

一、對(duì)現(xiàn)象發(fā)表看法

對(duì)于此類題目，先用一兩句話把現(xiàn)象簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)說(shuō)，再表明你是贊成還是反對(duì)，觀點(diǎn)要明確，然后簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)明理由。

[句型歸納]

表示贊成的句型:

(1)As far as I am concerned， I completely agree that...

(2)Personally speaking， I can’t agree more with...

(3)From my point of view， I am in favour of the idea that...

(4) I argue/speak in support of...

表示反對(duì)的句型:

(1)I strongly argue against the thought/idea that...

(2)I strongly disagree with...

(3)I don’t think/ believe that...

(4)I don’t support sth/sb...

說(shuō)明理由的句型:

(1)The main reason is...what is more， .... Thirdly， .... As a result， ...

(2)...mainly because... In addition，...

(3)For one thing...; and for another...，

[實(shí)例分析]

(2009年高考要點(diǎn)3)你認(rèn)為是否應(yīng)該禁止游客和動(dòng)物拍照?

思路分析:考生發(fā)表看法時(shí)，可有主張禁止和不禁止兩種，要點(diǎn)要明確:一是支持“禁止拍照”，因?yàn)榕恼沼绊懥藙?dòng)物的正常的生活、給游客增加了被動(dòng)物襲擊的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等;二是反對(duì)“禁止拍照”，因?yàn)榕恼湛赡軙?huì)給游客帶來(lái)樂(lè)趣，吸引游客，增加動(dòng)物園的收入等。

參考范文:

(1) From my point of view， photographing with animals should be stopped/ banned. The main reason is that visitors’ taking pictures with animals will influence their life， which makes them likely to hurt people. What’s more， as members of nature， people should live in harmony with animals， instead of annoying them. As a result， we need to show our respect to them， which helps them enjoy a normal and relaxed life.

(2)However， I think it unnecessary to ban the visitors’ photographing with animals mainly because taking photos with animals is great fun for most visitors， for people to go to zoo to have intimate experience with animals， so it will be a pity if it is forbidden. Consequently， some special time should be set during which tourists can photograph with animals， which may satisfy the visitors and the animals.

二、提出建議或措施

指解決某一個(gè)問(wèn)題可能的方法，建議要切實(shí)可行，不能泛泛而談，還要從多方面入手，不能只局限于某一方面，涉及面要廣，特別是社會(huì)問(wèn)題，要從政府、家庭、企業(yè)、個(gè)人等方面要采取相應(yīng)的措施，措施要具體，不能泛泛而談或者太籠統(tǒng)。

[句型歸納]

(1) I suggest some possible solutions to ...For one thing， ...For another ...Finally，...

(2) Some workable advice may be taken to ...First of all， ...In addition， another way contributing to success of the solving problem is...

(3)Here are some suggestions on how to deal with ...To begin with...， Moreover...，F(xiàn)inally...

(4)We should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. Firstly，...Secondly， ...Finally，...

[實(shí)例分析]

(2009惠州三模要點(diǎn)2)人們應(yīng)該如何避免交通事故?

思路分析:寫這個(gè)要點(diǎn)時(shí)，要從汽車司機(jī)、騎自行車的人、行人等方面來(lái)提出具體有效的辦法。

參考范文:Some workable advice may be taken to avoid traffic accidents. First， everyone must obey the traffic rules and goes their own ways. Besides， drivers should keep their emotion under control and never drive after drinking. Never do they make phone calls when driving. Finally， everybody should keep the road signs beside the roads in mind and pedestrians must walk along the pavements. Only by everyone’s effort can the accidents be lessened.

三、正反或利弊論述

正反或利弊類文章可以先總括，再分寫好處和弊處可以用On the one hand...， On the other hand.../ In contrast...句型;或先寫好處，再通過(guò)使用過(guò)渡手法However或Every coin has two sides等轉(zhuǎn)向負(fù)面影響，再得出結(jié)論(Its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages.或Its disadvantages far outweigh its advantages)。不要無(wú)謂地重復(fù)文章的中心，要用支持性的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論述。

[句型歸納]

利弊對(duì)比:

(1) Evidently，...has both negative and positive effects. On one hand，...On the other hand，...

(2) Generally speaking， there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly，...Secondly...However， its disadvantages / weaknesses are also obvious. One of the important disadvantages is that....To make matters worse，...

(3) Generally， its advantages can be seen as follows. For one thing，...For another...But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent.

得出結(jié)論:

(1)Through the above analysis， I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore， I would like to...

(2)From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of...we know that its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages/its disadvantages far outweigh its advantages. Therefore， we should take it reasonably.

[實(shí)例分析]

(2009年中山市模擬題要點(diǎn)2) 壓力的正面和負(fù)面的作用。

思路分析:采用先總后分，一分為二的方法來(lái)論述壓力的正面和負(fù)面作用，最后再用一句話總結(jié)。

參考范文:Pressure has both advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand， a certain amount of pressure can encourage us， inspire us and promote us. On the other hand， too much pressure will certainly do harm to us students， which may influence our health and study. Therefore， we should try to bring the advantages of pressure into full play， and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.

四、說(shuō)明計(jì)劃或經(jīng)過(guò)

把計(jì)劃或經(jīng)過(guò)有條理地寫出來(lái)，同時(shí)運(yùn)用一些合適的表示先后或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的過(guò)渡詞，如:First， Next， Then， Finally./ Firstly， secondly， finally等。

[實(shí)例分析]

你如何安排你高三畢業(yè)的這個(gè)暑假?

思路分析:可從訪友、娛樂(lè)、學(xué)習(xí)和旅游等方面來(lái)談。

參考范文:When the holiday comes， having a good rest and relaxing myself can not be overlooked. After that， I will visit some friends I haven’t seen for months and share my joys and sorrows in high school with them. Then， if possible， a nice trip will be best. Finally， I should read some books to prepare myself for the coming university life.

五、說(shuō)明事物的重要性

說(shuō)明某一品質(zhì)或做某事的重要性時(shí)，從多方面來(lái)闡述，如社會(huì)、生活、工作、學(xué)習(xí)等方面來(lái)論述，切忌泛泛而談，同時(shí)還要條理清晰。

[句型歸納]

(1)...is of great importance/ significance/value/ help. To begin with， it can...Besides， it strengthens the tie between...Finally， it helps to...

(2)...has a great impact on...Firstly，...Secondly，... Thirdly，...

(3)...plays an important/significant role/ part in...For one thing，...For another ，...

[實(shí)例分析]

談?wù)勁c父母交流思想的重要性。

思路分析:先用一句話總說(shuō)重要性，然后再說(shuō)具體在哪方面的重要性，最后點(diǎn)題。

參考范文:Children’s communicating with parents plays an important part in building a harmonious relationship with each other. For one thing， willingness to exchange opinions means trusting each other， which leads to better understanding of each other. For another， it can narrow the generation gap and reduce conflicts， which will contribute to build up a nicer relationship between parents and children.

六、舉例說(shuō)明類

舉例說(shuō)明時(shí)，不宜長(zhǎng)篇大論，可以選用一兩個(gè)與主題吻合的例子，寫完例子后要用一兩句話重申主題。

[句型歸納]

(1)For instance， for example， such as， take sb./ sth. as an example ， take sb./ sth. for example

(2)One example is...， another example is...

(3)A good case in point is...

(4)Such examples might be given easily...

(5)There are some examples in our daily life...

[實(shí)例分析]

(2009年肇慶二模要點(diǎn)1)舉例說(shuō)明細(xì)節(jié)的重要性。

思路分析:先用一句話來(lái)概述細(xì)節(jié)的重要性，再舉兩個(gè)例子進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，最后再用一句話點(diǎn)題。

參考范文:It is the little things in daily life that count. The same thing happens in our society. One example is the “Wenchuan Earthquake”. Everyone in China lent a hand to the victims， which made them undergo the hardship. Another example is that the great success of 2008 Beijing Olympics depends on the efforts of each participant doing the so-called “details” or little things. In one word， little things or details is of great importance.

七、說(shuō)明異同類

采用分說(shuō)的方法，先談?wù)勏嗤帲僬勂洳煌帯?/p>

[句型歸納]

(1)There are some similarities between...

(2)...while...

(3)There are also some evident differences...

[實(shí)例分析]

說(shuō)說(shuō)傳統(tǒng)書本與電子書本的異同。

思路分析:采用分說(shuō)的方法，先說(shuō)similarities，再說(shuō)differences。

參考范文:There are some similarities between traditional books and e-books. Both of them are good means of people conveying emotions and expressing opinions， from where readers can get information. However， traditional books are heavy to carry but do less harm to eyes，while e-books are more environmentally friendly with more information available.

八、經(jīng)歷感受類

先簡(jiǎn)述事件的經(jīng)過(guò)，不宜長(zhǎng)篇大論，特別是在夾敘夾議的文體中，只須包含“誰(shuí)?干了什么事?結(jié)果如何?”等，然后再談?wù)劚救藢?duì)此次經(jīng)歷的看法及感受或是從這次經(jīng)歷中得出了什么經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。

[句型歸納]

(1)I had an unforgettable experience....From the experience I realize that...

(2)The story reminds me of my experience of...

(3)I also had a similar experience， from which I learn that...

[實(shí)例分析]

說(shuō)說(shuō)你或你朋友做兼職的經(jīng)歷和感受。

思路分析:簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)說(shuō)自己的經(jīng)歷，帶出感受。

參考范文:I had an unforgettable experience. Last winter， I got a job in a fashion shop. Every day I had to constantly serve the customers to try on new clothes and pack clothes for the customers. Not until then did I realize that it was not easy to earn money and I would reduce my expenses to the minimum and try to make money by myself to support my family.

九、學(xué)習(xí)心得類

先從材料中概括故事的寓意，注意故事要表達(dá)的主旨，不要偏離了中心。

[句型歸納]

(1)The story teaches us that...

(2)From the story， we learn that...

(3)After reading the story， we realize that...

[實(shí)例分析]

(2009年廣州二模要點(diǎn)1)你從故事中學(xué)到什么道理?

思路分析:閱讀材料中“玫瑰因?yàn)樽约旱拿利惗凑醋韵玻靶﹂L(zhǎng)相不佳的仙人掌，而仙人掌在干旱時(shí)節(jié)卻用自己的汁液幫助那些口渴的鳥”我們從中可知“仙人掌雖然長(zhǎng)相不佳，但在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻能犧牲自己幫助別人”，因此得出“美麗并不是唯一，其他如善良、誠(chéng)實(shí)、樂(lè)于助人等品質(zhì)比美貌更重要，我們不能以貌取人”。

參考范文:This story teaches us that we should not judge people or things based only on their appearance. There are other characteristics such as kindness， honesty and devotion as well as willingness to help others that count. Beauty is only a superficial attraction but personality， the inside， is what really matters.

十、假設(shè)處境類

此類題目通常是要求考生運(yùn)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣來(lái)寫，把自己放在一個(gè)假設(shè)的情景中可能會(huì)做的事情，可以對(duì)現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的假設(shè)。

[句型歸納]

對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè):

(1)If I were...， I would/ might do...In addition，...

(2)Were I...， I would /could do...What’s more，...

對(duì)將來(lái)情況的假設(shè):

(1)If I were to do/did/ should do...， I would /might...

(2)Were I to do...， I could/ should...

對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè):

(1) If I had done...， I would have done...

(2) Had I done...， I might/ could have done...

[實(shí)例分析]

(2009高考要點(diǎn)b) 假如你處在那些動(dòng)物的處境，你會(huì)有什么反應(yīng)?

思路分析:這是一個(gè)非真實(shí)的情景，因?yàn)槟悴皇莿?dòng)物，寫作時(shí)一定要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣來(lái)寫，可能的反應(yīng):upset， unhappy， agitated， annoyed， irritated， disturbed， angry， excited， attack visitors or bite them， attempt to escape from the cage， stare at the visitors， show the teeth 等等。

參考范文:Were I the animals， I would certainly feel annoyed and disturbed by the endless zoo-visitors who like to hug me and photograph with me. In addition， I would even show my teeth to scare the children. When I were sometimes held too tightly， I would attack or even bite the visitors. I should have some private space and time to relax myself.

責(zé)任編校蔣小青