高考英語語法填空答題指導與訓練

語法填空題是在一篇約為200詞的英語短文中，按照特定的意圖挖出10個空格，進行設疑，要求考生根據題目的說明完成答題任務，即要求考生將該短文還原。本文以2009年高考英語(廣東卷)的語法填空題為例，就考點分析、答題策略等方面進行闡述。

Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult31was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. She wished that he was as easy32 (please) as her mother， who was always delighted with perfume.

Besides， shopping at this time of the year was not 33 pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or34 (push) you with their elbows (肘部)， hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.

Jane paused in front of a counter35 some attractive ties were on display. “They are real silk，” the assistant tried to attract her. “Worth double the price.” But Jane knew from past experience that her36 (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.

Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes 37 sale. She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while， she knew that this was a present which was bound to please38 .

When Jane got home， with her small but well-chosen present in her bag， her parents were already 39table having supper. Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking，” Jane 40 (inform).

以下是試題參考答案與考點分析。

31. it，代詞。it在賓語從句中作形式主語，真正的主語是不定式結構to choose...

32. to please，動詞(非謂語)。給出動詞提示詞，在形容詞后面作狀語時，只能用動詞不定式。

33. a，冠詞。表示“一次”愉快的經歷。

34. pushed，動詞(謂語)。給出動詞提示詞;并列連詞or前后的語法結構(包括時態、語態、詞類等)要保持一致。此題用一般過去時，與前面的stepped的時態一致。

35. where，連詞/引導詞。兩個句子之間缺少連接成分;根據句子意思可知，后一個句子是定語從句，而要填入的詞在從句中做地點狀語，故填入關系副詞where.

36. choice，名詞。給出動詞提示詞;在形容詞性物主代詞的后面，或在介詞of的前面，一定是用名詞形式。

37. on，介詞。根據句子的意思，要填入具有“出售”含義的詞，“on sale”這一固定搭配正合此意。

38. him，代詞。因要給父親買禮物，根據常識可知，應是使父親高興;作賓語時，用人稱代詞的賓格him.

39. at，介詞。根據句中的having supper可知，需要填入一個與名詞table相搭配的介詞，而at table的意思是“在進餐”，正與having supper相配。

40. was informed，動詞(謂語)。給出動詞提示詞;因Jane與inform是被動關系，根據上下文可知，要用一般過去時的被動語態。

筆者以口訣的形式總結出語法填空的答題策略:瀏覽全文，整體理解;上下連貫，結構完整;前后聯系，預防“近視”;運用構詞法，詞形須正確;區分大小寫，書寫要規范;默讀全文，驗證答案。

語法填空對中學英語教學起了積極的反撥作用。在語法教學中，教師應注重創設比較恰當的語境，優化教學效果。筆者在復習被動語態時設計了一些教學環節，現摘錄如下。

1. Lead-in

筆者將自己拍攝到的在建中的建筑物的照片做成ppt，并設計了相匹配的對話。

A: Look!What(build) over there? (is being built)

B: It is said that they are building a shopping mall， WAL-MART SUPPER CENTER.

A: Really? That’s great! It will be convenient for us to buy things when it is open.

B: Yeah. But I(tell) that it (finish) until November. (was told; won’t be finished)

A: I see.it(complete) on time? There is only one month left. (Can/ Could; be completed)

B: I guess it can/ could be. It

(report) that most of the work(do). What(do) is just some finishing touch. (is reported; has been done; to be done)

A: I hope so.

首先，讓學生使用所給詞匯的適當形式填空，完成對話內容。然后，讓學生pair-work上述對話，進一步感知對被動語態的運用。最后，讓學生根據對話內容，發現被動語態的核心結構和各種時態的被動語態的構成，并填入預先設計好的表格中。

2. Assignment

Descriptions: Watch the photo of the gym under construction in our school. Write a short story about our new gym. The beginning of the story has been given to help you. Then go ahead with your own story， using the Passive.

The New Gym in our School

The new gym in our school is being built.

3. 模擬試題

Autumn and winter are cold and flu season ——when people are most likely to catch the viruses that cause the common cold.

Is the old advice true31 wearing warm clothing will help prevent a cold? Or if you 32get sick， should you follow the old saying，“Feed a cold and starve a fever?”Should you take medicine

33 (reduce) your temperature， or is it34 (good) to let the body treat the illness itself?

Everyone seems to have 35answer. Doctor Nelson E. Amin says you should eat36you have a cold and are hungry. But a higher than normal body temperature 37(suggest) a more serious problem. He says people are usually not hungry anyway when they have a high fever. Eating might even cause a person to vomit(嘔吐).38drinking plenty of liquids is important. A fever can 39 (easy) dehydrate(使脫水) the body.

When should you treat a fever? Doctor Nelson E. Amin says a fever should be treated if it stays40 40℃ or above for a day or more.

參考答案及考點分析:

31. that，連詞/引導詞。引導賓語從句。

32. do，助動詞。強調一般現在時的謂語動詞，主語是you，所以填入助動詞do.

33. to reduce，動詞(非謂語)。給出動詞提示詞;動詞不定式表示目的。

34. better，形容詞。給出形容詞提示詞;“to let the body treat ...”與前面的“take medicine”相比較，用比較級形式。

35. an/ his/ her，冠詞或形容詞性物主代詞。“一種”方法、“一個”答案或“他的/她的”(everyone’s)辦法。

36. if，連詞/引導詞。表示一種假設，引導條件狀語從句。

37. suggests，動詞(謂語)。給出動詞提示詞;一般現在時第三人稱單數形式的謂語動詞。

38. But，連詞/引導詞。上下文是轉折關系，位于句子開頭，首字母要大寫。

39. easily，副詞。給出形容詞提示詞;修飾動詞dehydrate，要用副詞形式。

40. at，介詞。表示溫度。

責任編輯 魏文琦