動詞的時態語態

一、考點分析

謂語動詞的時態語態在廣東高考中是每年必考點，我們必須重視。雖然考試說明中列了十種時態，但常考的只是一般現在時和一般過去時。請看近四年的高考英語廣東卷:

1. 一般現在時。

(2008年廣東卷)Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result) in the contrary to our intention.

[答案]results

[解析]句中Being too anxious to help an event develop是動名詞短語作主語，result應是謂語動詞，應當考慮的是它的時態;“急于求成，往往會事與愿違”是客觀真理，應當用一般現在時;動名詞作主語，謂語用第三人稱單數形式，故填results。

2. 一般過去時。

(2010年廣東卷)After a four-day journey， the young man 33 (present) the water to the old man.

[答案]presented

[解析]句中the young man是主語，其后的present應是謂語動詞，由語境可知，用一般過去時。

(2009年廣東卷)... people stepped on your feet or 34 (push) you with their elbows (肘部)， hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. (2009)

[答案]pushed

[解析]與stepped并列，也用一般過去時。

3. 固定句式中的時態。

(2007年廣東卷)I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 31 (break) down near a remote village.

[答案]broke

[解析] 在when后面的句子中，my car是主語，break應為謂語動詞;由全文可知這是敘述過去的經歷，用一般過去式;再說was/were doing ... when ...did ... 是一個固定句型，when后面的句子的謂語用一般過去時，表示“正在做某事，就在這個時候發生了另一事”。

4. 一般過去時的被動語態。

(2009年廣東卷)Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking，” Jane

40(inform).

[答案] was informed

[解析] Jane是主語，其后的inform應是謂語動詞;因Jane與inform是被動關系，又是一般過去時，故用一般過去時的被動語態。

二、真題演練

用所給詞的適當形式填空。

1. —Is everyone here?

—Not yet. Look， there (come) the rest of our guests! (2010江蘇卷)

2. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who (wear) evening dress. (2010全國卷II)

3. Every few years， the coal workers(have)their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. (2010上海卷)

4. The church tower which (restore) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. (2010上海卷)

5. The book has been translated into thirty languages since it (come) on the market in 1973. (2010重慶卷)

6. When you are home， give a call to let me know you (arrive) safely. (2010全國卷I)

7. Up to now， the program (save) thousands of children who would otherwise have died. (2010山東卷)

8. For many years， people (dream) of electric cars. However， making them has been more difficult than predicted. (2010浙江卷)

9. 一When shall we restart our business?

一Not until we (finish)our plan. (2010四川卷)

10. —I’m not finished with my dinner yet.

—But our friends (wait) for us. (2010北京卷)

11. I walked slowly through the market， where people(sell) all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. (2010湖南卷)

12. —Were you surprised by the ending of the film?

—No， I(read) the book， so I already knew the story. (2010安徽卷)

13. It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they (do) for me. (2010北京卷)

14. I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone (do) it. Was it you? (2010湖南卷)

15. I’m tired out. I (shop) all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything. (2010湖南卷)

16. I have to see the doctor because I (cough)a lot lately. (2010陜西卷)

17. This coastal area (name) a national wildlife reserve last year. (2010湖南卷)

18. Linda， make sure the tables(set) before the guests arrive. (2010全國卷II)

19. The palace caught fires three times in the last century， and little of the original building(remain)now. (2010重慶卷)

20. You’ve failed to do what you (expect) to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you. (2010四川卷)

答案與解析

1. come。由于以here和there開頭引出的倒裝句通常只用于一般時態，又因為句子主語the rest of our guest為復數，故填come。

2. wears。根據句意，此處談的是一般情況，要用一般現在時;由于one of the women前有only修飾，說明其后的定語從句是修飾one的，而不是修飾women的，所以定語從句中的謂語動詞要用單數;故填wears。

3. have。根據句中的every few years(每隔幾年)可知，動作帶有經常性和規律性，故用一般現在時。

4. is being restored。根據句中的 ... will be open to tourists soon(不久將對游客開放)以及 The work is almost finished(工程差不多快結束了)可知，the church tower的修復工程還正在進行，故用現在進行時的被動語態。

5. came。主句用現在完成時，since引導的從句用一般過去時。

6. have arrived。根據常識，說話人應該是叫對方“已經”到家后才打電話報平安，故選現在完成時。

7. has saved。短語up to now的意思是“到現在為止”，指從過去某時開始持續到現在的一段時間，通常與現在完成時連用。

8. have dreamed。根據句意和句中的時態has been，以有for many years(多年來)可知，要用現在完成時。

9. have finished。再根據句意和常識可知，人們通常是先制定計劃，然后付諸實施，故空格處填現在完成時比較符合句子語境。

10. are waiting。對話的意思是:“我還有沒吃完飯。”“但是我們的朋友在等我們了。”

11. were selling。根據常識，在“我慢慢走過市場時”，在市場那里有各種蔬菜水果在賣，“我”才會“仔細研究其價格”“買下需要的東西”。

12. had read。由語境可知，“看這本書”應該是在“看電影”之前，故用過去完成時。

13. had done。句中do的動作應發生took之前，故用過去完成時。

14.had done。根據句意可知，“有人給玫瑰剪枝”發生在“我去給玫瑰剪枝”之前，即“過去的過去”，故用過去完成時。

15. have been shopping。因為“很累”是因為“整個下午一直在購物”導致的，又由don’t seem可知，現在仍在購物，故用現在完成進行時。

16. have been coughing。根據句中“不得不要去看醫生”這一信息可知，“咳嗽”這一現象現在還在持續，用現在完成進行時。

17. was named。由于this coastal area與name之間為被動關系，再根據句中的last year可知，用一般過去時的被動語態。

18. are set。由于table(桌子)與set(擺，放置)之間為被動關系，要用被動語態;又因為make sure后接從句通常要用一般現在時表示將來意義，故用一般現在時的被動語態。

19. remains。意思是說，由于三次失火，原來的建筑現在就沒有留下來了。remain=be left被留下來。

20. were expected。由expect sb to do sth(期待某人做某事)可知，you與expect為被動關系，要用被動語態;意思是指沒有做“過去安排好要做的事”，于是擔心受懲罰，故用一般過去時的被動語態。