巧用“變式”寫急就章

高考沖刺階段，考生十分關心如何提高應試能力。剩下的一兩個月，考生的英語筆頭表達能力基本定型，詞匯和句型方面的積累也到達頂峰，關鍵是臨門一腳能不能傾盡所有展示出自己最好的一面。然而，由于整場考試時間緊迫，題量比較大，不得不在非常短的時間內(nèi)寫就一篇大約120個詞的文章。如果考生稍有不鎮(zhèn)定，思路一卡殼，很容易會寫不完，或者寥寥數(shù)語內(nèi)容單薄。如何在很短的時間里，展開讀寫任務的主體部分？

“本體”和“變式”是打開思路的一種基本的而且容易掌握的思維方法。

“本體”，是你要討論的事物/事情，是根本的，不變的；“變式”，或者“變體”，它依附于“本體”而存在，在某一個維度上可以產(chǎn)生幾個變式，在另外一個維度上可以產(chǎn)生另外幾個變式。下面舉三個例子說明它的具體操作。

[例一] （2009佛山一模）討論“中學生日常生活中如何注意安全，自我保護”。

現(xiàn)在我們用“本體”和“變式”的方法迅速打開思路：

上表不論采用地點維度還是時間維度，都能很快很爽地拿出一篇作文來。其中的每一個小點，還可以再發(fā)揮一下，如交通安全，可以寫30來個詞。不但篇幅有保障，還給改卷老師一個好印象。“嘿，這學生不錯，有條理?。旱攸c轉移有條不紊，采用地點狀語作為每一個小點的開頭，考生心里穩(wěn)穩(wěn)當當?shù)模瑢懫饋磉€可以少犯些語法錯誤，并且能夠把一定的注意力放到書寫上?！?/p>

范例1 (地點轉移) In the dormitory， we should be careful with the use of electricity. Never light a candle to study late into the night， which may cause fire. On the stairs， we shouldn’t push each other. In the lab， we ought to follow the instructions closely and avoid hurting ourselves， because chemicals can be dangerous sometimes. On the way to school or back home， we need to follow traffic rules. Ride on a bicycle lane， ride slowly， stop at a red traffic light and pay attention to cars going by. In a word， these are little things that we can do and it is always better to be safe than sorry.

范例2 （時間轉移） When we go to school or go back home， we need to pay attention to road safety. Every day we travel between school and home， and we are exposed to dangers like cars going by， or bicycles rushing against you in the opposite direction you are going. During lunch time， we should keep food safety in mind and it is best to eat in the school canteen， where the food is clean and safe. Don’t have meals that are made elsewhere. Moreover， when we have PE lessons， we must do as the teacher tells us to. Otherwise， an accident can happen at any time. In a word， there are times when we need to be more careful and protect ourselves. It is always better to be safe than sorry.

[例二] （2010廣東）討論“你對用金錢鼓勵孩子學習的看法”。

該論述部分較能體現(xiàn)學生思維的力度。不妨用本體、變式的思維方法。（見上表）

Money can provide motivation for now， but if it is used again and again， the amount may have to increase， and the effect in the future is still yet to be seen. Further more， the child may develop the idea that money equals all the attention and care that he deserves. For parents， the way of giving money can eventually bring them into an awkward situation where they find that without money their child does not listen to them at all.

[例三]以你或他人的經(jīng)歷說明誠信的重要性。（2011廣州一模）

請看以下范文如何用“一正一反”的方法打開思路的：

(從正面說明)Honesty is the best policy. For example， there is a green grocer in my neighborhood， from whom we often buy vegetables. He is a nice person and never cheats anybody. His business is growing and he has also made friends with many customers. （從反面說明）On the contrary， think about the bad businessmen who produced poisonous milk powder. They are now in prison!

例一例二，都是“本體”下面細分出來的“變體”。例三則告訴大家“本體”的對立面也可以成為一種變式。

總之，本體就是你要關注的核心概念，變式就是按不同的維度細分出來的情況。人物、時間、地點，都可以成為你打開思路的維度。本體的對立面，也是一種變體。有了這種思維方法，你就可以對很多大作文的主體部分應對自如了。

(作者單位：佛山市第一中學)

責任編校蔣小青

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