概括內容要點的技巧

1. 故事類記敘文的概要寫作。

我們應首先找出這篇材料中故事的主角，然后找出該主角做了什么事情，再弄清結果如何或者說明了一個什么道理。在寫作過程中還應注意以下幾點：

（1）由于字數限制為大約30個詞，我們不必使用The story tells us或者The author/Thepassage shows us that等開頭套語。

（2）時態應與原文時態一致。

（3）一般以第三人稱的形式來表述。如I要變成The writer， he/she等。

[例題] （2011年廣州一模）

閱讀下面的短文，然后以約30個詞概括這篇演講稿的主要內容。

Good morning， Ladies and gentlemen. This is Li Hua from Senior Three. I’m here today to share with you a good lesson from an overseas Chinese student living in Germany. It is a true story. After years of hard work， the Chinese student graduated with amazing academic achievements. Everyone thought he was going to get a good job easily and have a bright future. But to his disappointment， he was not even allowed the chance for an interview! The third time he was turned， he couldn’t help telephoning the company to ask why they didn’t want him. The answer was simple， “We don’t hire dishonest people in Germany.”

What was wrong you might wonder? The truth is， shortly after he arrived in Germany， this clever student found that it was easy to skip buying subway tickets. So， to save money， he often went without a ticket. As a result， he had been caught without a ticket in the subway three times.

From this story， we learn that we may get short-term benefits by dishonest means， but the truth will come out sooner or later and the cost is high. So remember: honesty is the best policy.

That’s all for my speech. Thank you!

寫概要時，我們應當首先找出：

（1）這篇材料的主角：I 和A Chinese student in Germany。

（2）他們做了什么事情：I tell a true story. A Chinese student with an excellent academic achievement couldn’t find a job in Germany because his dishonest deed to skip the subway tickets.

（3）說明了什么道理：honesty is the best policy

然后，注意將人稱I變成the writer，其他人稱照舊，時態是一般現在時和一般過去時。

這篇文章應歸納為：The writer tells a story about a Chinese student with an excellent academic achievement couldn’t find a job in Germany because of his dishonesty to skip the subway tickets， which shows honesty is the best policy.

2. 說明社會現象類文章的概要寫作。

如果所給出的材料是說明一種社會現象的文章，我們應該先找出文章說明了一種什么現象，分析產生這種現象的原因，結果如何，或者針對這種現象提出的解決措施或建議。

[例題]（2010年廣州一模）

閱讀下面的短文，然后以約30個詞概括這篇演講稿的主要內容。

In the past， the expression “children should be seen and not heard” summed up the attitude of parents to their children. Children were expected to be disciplined， well-behaved and the parents ruled the home. But today parents seem to do everything for their children and control all aspects of their lives. Some call this over parenting. Parents take charge of everything: from what pre-school their kids attend to the pastimes they take up. Parents feel they must protect their children to increase their chances of success. As a result， children do less than ever before.

There are two reasons for over parenting. First， people now have fewer children than in the past so they can give them more attention. Secondly， parents feel the future of their family is now dependent on their only child， so they do as much as possible to help the child succeed.

But over parenting has negative consequences. Children are less independent now and protected from the hardship and failures that teach them determination and give them the satisfaction of accomplishment. Also the pressure kids feel to be successful means they experience more anxiety and depression than ever before.

本文是說明社會現象的文章，寫概要時可按下列步驟進行：

首先，找出這篇文章所說明的社會現象：But today parents seem to do everything for their children and control all aspects of their lives. Some call this over parenting.

然后，找出產生這種現象的原因：two reasons—fewer or only child

再找出結果：Result: negative， less independent and more anxious about their success

最后，將這些信息點串起來，就是本文的概要：Because of fewer or only child， the parents take care of their children too much， which causes their children less independent and more anxious about their success.

(作者單位：佛山市南海區九江職業技術學校)

責任編校蔣小青