讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)的舉例技巧

讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)中的要點(diǎn)拓展時(shí)，通常是通過(guò)舉例子來(lái)展開(kāi)的，而舉例子正好是考生的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，為了幫助考生掌握舉例的技巧，有必要對(duì)其方法進(jìn)行總結(jié)和歸納。

一、舉例的方法

1. 借鑒原文法。“經(jīng)歷”類(lèi)一般用記敘文，也就要把握記敘文的六個(gè)基本要素。舉例時(shí)，對(duì)原文材料中的這幾個(gè)要素修改替換，就可舉出好的例子。如“Appearance is not everything”這一篇的閱讀材料描述的是一個(gè)名叫Kipfer的女孩，因牙齒太大被別人嘲笑，但她通過(guò)努力最終成為暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)的作者，并實(shí)現(xiàn)了她最初的夢(mèng)想成為運(yùn)動(dòng)專(zhuān)版的編輯。舉例時(shí)，我們可將原文的主要人物變成我自己或身邊的人物或歷史人物；將文章的主要事件稍加修改，如Kipfer被別人嘲笑她的牙齒就可以變成被人嘲笑身材矮小或肥胖等，然后記敘主人公如何通過(guò)努力取得成功或得到他人的認(rèn)可。例如：

This reminds me of Yanzi，a famous politician in the history. When he was sent to a foreign country to negotiate with the emperor，he was teased by all the foreigners because he was very short. They looked down upon on him at the beginning，throwing various jokes on him. However，his distinguished ability of speaking and extraordinary intelligence won back the respect from them. He proved that appearance doesn’t decide everything，and his diligence helped him succeed.

2. 主題相關(guān)法。

如果任務(wù)是“敘述你或你的朋友給予陌生人幫助的一次真實(shí)或虛構(gòu)的經(jīng)歷”。那舉例的主題就是“幫助”。考生要馬上想到：是誰(shuí)幫助誰(shuí)？為什么要幫助？困難是什么？如果實(shí)在是想不到你曾為陌生人干了什么事情的話，不妨將你幫助你的朋友或同學(xué)的經(jīng)歷，或你周?chē)娜藢?duì)你的幫助轉(zhuǎn)變成你對(duì)別人的幫助。

二、例證的篇章布局

讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)的舉例分為兩種情況，一種是舉例說(shuō)明，一種是談自己或他人的某段經(jīng)歷。

1. 舉例說(shuō)明類(lèi)。

舉例說(shuō)明，不宜長(zhǎng)篇大論，可以選用一兩個(gè)與主題吻合的例子。寫(xiě)例子之前用一句話引出過(guò)渡，寫(xiě)完例子后要用一兩句話重申主題。可用以下短語(yǔ)或句子引出例證：

for instance， for example， such as， take sb/sth as an example， take sb/sth for example

One example is... ， another example is．．．

Such examples might be given easily．．．

There are some examples in our daily life．．．

例如：2011年天河區(qū)一模要點(diǎn)(3)用事例說(shuō)明和諧的師生關(guān)系對(duì)你的成長(zhǎng)有何影響。

參考范文：Actually， having a good relationship with teachers makes it easier for us to get along smoothly with our study at school. Take me for example. My teacher is my good friend. When I fail in the exam，it is my teacher that first gives me a hand to analyze the problem. She is patient enough to make me get over all the difficulties in my study. When I have something unhappy with my parents，she always listens to me carefully and then give me some reasonable suggestions，so I can focus on my study soon. Also， I have learned to be helpful and considerate from my teacher. Therefore， without the good relationship，I believe I can’t make such a great progress.

2. 經(jīng)歷感受類(lèi)。

先簡(jiǎn)述事件的經(jīng)過(guò)，只需包含“誰(shuí)？干了什么事？結(jié)果如何？”等，然后再談?wù)劚救藢?duì)此次經(jīng)歷的看法及感受或是從這次經(jīng)歷中得出了什么經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。可以用以下句式作為過(guò)度：

I had an unforgettable experience．．． From the experience I realize that．．．

The story reminds me of my experience of．．．

I also had a similar experience， from which I learn that．．．

A similar experience once happened to me that…

A similar example jumps into my mind.

The story reminds me of my own similar one; that is．．．

例如：2010年廣州市一模要點(diǎn)(1)以你自己或他人成長(zhǎng)的某次經(jīng)歷，說(shuō)明父母過(guò)度照顧子女的影響。

參考范文：There is no doubt that it is the love for their children that makes the parents take care of their children overly. However， instead of helping them to succeed， it may exerted unwanted effect on the children’s growth. A similar example jumps into my mind. Last year， my friend Lily was admitted to a famous university in Beijing. Having been under the complete protection of her parents for many years， she felt lost when dealing with some complex situations and found it hard to go on with her study without her parents care. In this case， being over loved gave rise to great harm and made it difficult for the child to achieve success.

永遠(yuǎn)要記住，例子只是讓論證過(guò)程更充實(shí)更飽滿(mǎn)。因此，例子沒(méi)有必要過(guò)分地追求新穎或另類(lèi)，簡(jiǎn)單的例子寫(xiě)好了一樣拿高分。考生平時(shí)也可以以話題為中心積累一些相關(guān)的事例，考試時(shí)就能信手拈來(lái)。

(作者單位：廣州市第75中學(xué))

責(zé)任編校蔣小青