1. 定語從句的教學
我用powerpoint展示自編的故事,要求學生當場翻譯,用上盡可能多的定語從句,看誰用得多并且準確。故事為:“我的同學叫George,他個子高,健康,自信,但有時上課喜歡與同桌Henry講話。George出生在1993年12月22日,當時雨下得很大。因為父母的工作關系,2009年他和家人來到了珠海,一個美麗浪漫的都市,現在和風中學高一(3)班學習。這個班里的學生活潑可愛、樂于幫助那些有困難的人,所以他和同學們相處融洽?!睂W生一看便知這個George是同班同學,因此異常積極參與課堂活動。在翻譯之前,我讓學生先確立時態為一般現在時和一般過去時,然后把較難的詞梳理了一下,之后以第一句話為例,引導學生怎樣運用定語從句,如:My classmate is called George.接下來可以用上定語從句嗎?怎么用?George是人還是物?應用什么引導詞?這個引導詞在從句中作什么成分?寫出第一個定語從句:“My classmate is called George, who is tall, healthy and confident but sometimes enjoys talking with his deskmate whose name is Henry in the class.”剩下的部分,我讓學生以4人一小組進行討論,各自寫句子,寫完之后小組成員互相檢查。10分鐘后,我讓他們數數自已用了多少定語從句,結果還是令人滿意的,有5個、6個甚至7個。最后以小組為單位呈現他們的作品,在評講時以鼓勵為主,同時指出某些能一句多譯的句子及在運用定語從句時常犯的錯誤。
以下是其中一個學生修改后的作品:My classmate is called George, who is tall, healthy and confident but sometimes enjoys talking with his deskmate whose name is Henry in the class. He was born on December 22nd, 1993, when it rained heavily. Because of his parents’ jobs, he and his family moved to Zhuhai, which is a beautiful and romantic city. Now he is studying in Class 3 Grade 1, where the students are active and lovely and are ready to help those who are in trouble, and that is the reason why he can get along well with his classmates.(7個定語從句)
2. 情態動詞表猜測的教學
我先是一邊列表一邊舉例,包括對現在、正在進行、過去的猜測,分別列出肯定句、否定句、疑問句。接著用powerpoint展示一個故事:“(灰太狼自言自語)瞧,那有只羊在睡覺呢!會是喜羊羊嗎?(想了一會兒)它不可能是喜羊羊,那一定是懶羊羊了,因為它最愛睡了。我得輕輕走過去把它綁起來然后扛回去。(過了很久,懶羊羊醒來了,說道)我怎么會睡那么久?我在哪里呀???!這是灰太狼的家!我一定是吃了沸羊羊給我的青草蛋糕。我本來不應該吃那些蛋糕的,但是……”學生非常喜歡《喜羊羊與灰太狼》動畫片,所以在翻譯過程中都非常興奮。我先是幫他們掃清障礙,如怎樣翻譯幾個人物的名稱,然后便引導學生自己翻譯。
以下是其中一學生的作品:(Grey Wolf said to himself) Look! There is a goat who is sleeping! Can it be Happy Goat? (After a while) It can’t be Happy Goat. Then it must be Lazy Goat because he loves sleeping best. I have to go to tie him up quietly and then take him back.(After a long time, Lazy Goat woke up and said ) Why have I slept for so long ? Where am I ?Ah! It is Grey Wolf’s house! I must have eaten the grass cake which was made by Fit Goat! I shouldn’t have eaten the cake, but ...這種練習不但能運用新學的語法,而且還鞏固了舊的語法,包括定語從句、狀語從句,讓學生在篇章中不斷地鞏固所學知識。
3. V-ing 作賓語的教學
英語中有20多個常用動詞只能以V-ing 作賓語,學生很難把它們全部記住,于是我編了個愛情故事:“我承認(admit doing)第一次見她就喜歡(like doing)上她了,慢慢地我發現我愛上(love doing)了她,有時會情不自禁(can’t help doing)地想她,但她卻避免(avoid doing)見到我,每次見到我就逃(escape doing)。我實在是受不了(stand/ bear doing)了,但我又不想錯過(miss doing)這么好的一個女孩,于是我大膽地去她家找她爸爸說明我的想法并請求他的幫助,她的爸爸不但不介意(mind doing),而且很欣賞我,考慮了一下(consider doing),給了我4個建議(advise/suggest doing):(1)要喜歡冒險(enjoy doing,risk doing );(2)要練習想像力(practise doing,imagine doing);(3)要請求原諒(excuse doing,pardon doing);(4)要反對否定(resistdoing, deny doing)。最后囑咐我說這些建議不要拖延(delay doing),要馬上行動,如果我能完成(finish doing)他說的,他便會允許(allow doing,permit doing)這件事,并盡力勸說女兒嫁給我。我聽后非常感激(appreciate doing),含淚謝別?!蔽乙贿吘幑适乱贿叞严鄳膭釉~+ doing(作賓語)的形式寫出來,學生參與其中。當我第二次說這個故事時,學生已經能把故事說出來了并能記住大部分的動詞+ doing的形式。接下來就是要把這些形式派上用場。
于是我又編了一個故事,讓學生在翻譯中運用這一語法?!拔页姓J我喜歡上課睡覺,因為我一上課就覺得困。每次老師發現時,我的同桌并不介意提醒我,可是過了一會兒,我又情不自禁地想睡。有一次我在上課睡覺,想象著在家里的床上舒服地睡覺,很快我夢到老師原諒我并允許我在上課睡覺,還說我敢于在上課睡覺是值得鼓勵的,說完便繼繼上課,我萬分感激他的理解,想繼續睡。就在這時,老師大聲拍了一下桌子,把我從夢中驚醒了,我急忙承認我錯了,并承諾以后再不敢冒險上課睡覺了。”
以下是學生的翻譯成果:I admit I enjoy sleeping in the class, because I feel tired as soon as the class begins. Every time the teacher finds it, my deskmate don’t mind reminding me. But after a while, I can’t help sleeping again. Once I was sleeping in the class and imaging sleeping in the bed at home comfortably. Soon I got into my dream and dreamed that the teacher found what I did and excused my sleeping in the class. Besides,he said that it was encouraging to risk sleeping in the class and permitted my sleeping in the class.After that, he went on explaining the lesson. I appreaciated his understanding very much and I was about to go on sleeping when the teacher pounded the desk angrily,which awoke me suddenly. I quickly admitted I was wrong and promised that I wouldn’t risk sleeping in the class again.
責任編輯魏文琦