語法填空題如何突破難點

語法填空題是高考的必考題型，要求考生閱讀一篇150—200詞的短文，然后完成10個語法填空。該題通常只有3—4個空給出了參考詞匯，其余6—7個空則要求考生根據上下文甚至全文的信息，進行分析判斷，填入適當的詞語。考生在做這一大題時，往往對沒有給參考詞匯的空感到無從下手，特別是句子較長或前后有干擾成分的題。因此，學會排除干擾可以幫助考生較好地完成語法填空題，突破難點。

1. 去掉修飾成分，排除視覺障礙。

[例1] (2007廣東高考)...the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away 36there was a garage.

36題難倒了不少考生，答案是where，這是由關系副詞where引導的定語從句，a small town 是先行詞。而此題some 20 kilometers away 將先行詞與定語從句隔開，給考生造成了理解上的障礙，干擾了考生快速而準確答題。因此，考生在解題時要果斷地將修飾成分some 20 kilometers away去掉。

[例2](2008廣州一模) I wanted to see 31much of the city as possible in the two days before I was to return to Guangzhou.

31題考生容易填so或too，而答案是as，因為as much as possible是固定短語，在做題時，要學會排除干擾，將修飾成分of the city去掉。

2. 注重語境理解，拋開定勢思維。

[例1](2008廣東高考) He was very tired

36 doing this for a whole day.

很少考生能填寫正確答案，答案是after或from，意思是他做這樣的事(拔苗) 一天后，非常勞累。而考生往往形成一種定勢思維，一看到was very tired，就想到了詞組be tired of (厭煩)，毫不猶豫地填寫答案of，不符合語境。這樣就掉進命題人設置的陷阱了。

[例2](2009廣州一模) With this the boy got up and walked away， leaving his father sitting on their comfortable sofa， totally40(speech).

極少考生能答對，考生往往會填spoke，因為他們看到speech，就會想到詞性的變化，speech是名詞，speak是動詞， 其過去式是spoke。這既不符合句子結構的需要也不符合語境。正確答案是speechless， totally是副詞， 后接形容詞speechless表狀態， 從語境上理解，應該是：聽到兒子的一番話之后，父親坐在舒適的沙發里，一言不發。

3. 注意長句中形式主語或形式賓語的運用。

[例1](2009廣東高考) Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult31 was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.

有些考生可能會填that，沒有理解這個長句的句子結構以及各個部分所充當的成分。 She remembered后接賓語從句，而在賓語從句中動詞was前缺少了主語，答案是it，原因是it在賓語從句作形式主語，真正的主語是to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father。

[例2](2009廣東高考) 38 is now quite normal for a girl， once past the age about fifteen， to go out with a boyfriend， and although her parents will probably insist that she come home at a certain time， beyond this they depend on her to look after herself.

答案是It，在句中作形式主語，真正的主語是to go out with a boyfriend。

4. 掌握長句中連接詞的作用。

[例1](2007廣東高考) Cursing my misfortune， I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to32 should have the honour of receiving me as a guest in their house.

32題所在句是一個長句，很多考生一看就懵了，不知如何分析句子、尋找正確答案。 as to 是短語介詞，后跟賓語或賓語從句；should have 說明有句子存在，所以should前應是一個能充當主語的代詞性質的連接詞(what， who， which )； 根據上下文，連接詞在句中作主語指人，故填who。 此題的考點在于連接詞的作用。

[例2](2010廣東高考)We understand this lesson best40we receive gifts of love from children.

這道題大部分考生會填after，理解為：在收到孩子表示愛意的禮物后，我們才充分明白。而答案是when，句意是：當我們收到孩子愛意的禮物時，我們最能體會到這個故事的含義。

5. 跨度大的空，要注重把握整體，加強上下文的聯系。

[例1](2007廣東高考)37villagers brought me goat’s cheese and honey.

很多考生會填Some，單獨看此空或此句，從語法結構來看，some villagers（一些村民）是對的，但要從整個篇章去理解，既要符合語法又要符合語義、語境，正確答案是Other， 因為相對于按排我們住宿的the old peasant woman和幫我們拖車去修理的村長來說，拿goat’s cheese and honey 給我的應是“其他的”村民。

[例2](2010廣東高考) After the student left， the teacher let 36 student taste the water.

這是本段開頭的第一句，考生易填other，而答案是another。由student單數可知前面代詞應指一人，由下文(本段最后一句)He asked his teacher可知是另一個學生，同類中的另一個應用another。

（作者單位：佛山市順德區北中學）

責任編校蔣小青