《文化交流》在俄羅斯遠東

感受在異國他鄉的友誼

2011年3月22日，我再次踏上了俄羅斯遠東這片土地，當大巴在遼闊的平原上穿行的時候，窗外是茫茫逶迤的雪山，高聳的白樺樹……

去年也是在同樣的季節里，我送中國留學生來這里，第一次來俄羅斯的激動與他們熱情而周到的接待，我記憶猶新。為我作俄語翻譯的娜斯嘉是在2010年9月份開始在大連外國語學院攻讀漢語比較文學碩士學位。去年12月初，我去北京開會，從大連返回，在“大外”見到了娜斯佳，她意外的高興，因為我們沒有事先溝通此事。我帶了一本2010年第7期《文化交流》雜志給她。其中刊載有《難忘的俄羅斯遠東之旅》一文，記述了我第一次訪問俄羅斯遠東時對方院校熱情的接待和學校寧靜的學習氛圍，有不少篇幅描述了我新結識的幾位俄羅斯朋友，其中就有娜斯佳，她積極上進，學習過舞蹈、音樂、英語、漢語、日語。現在正在積極備考外國留學生在華最高級別的漢語水平考試。見到我，她也同樣感受到了在異國他鄉的友誼。

到俄羅斯遠東第一次早餐時見到廚師麗薩，一年沒有見面了，我們熱情地擁抱。她比我年長，還拿了兩盒巧克力說是送給我兒子的。在《文化交流》雜志的那篇文章中，關于麗薩我用了不少筆墨，是她讓我深切地體會到了俄羅斯人的熱情，俄羅斯母親的寬厚與仁慈。在俄羅斯，女性很受尊重，在大街上，如果有孕婦出現，那么她會得到現場一切便利的條件。在家庭，母親和老人是非常受尊重的，曾經在俄羅斯惡劣的氣候環境和社會變化中，家庭的愛常常是惟一溫馨的港灣，而母親給家庭以安全感。在比羅比詹通往共青城的10個小時的公共汽車上，電視里播放了4部俄羅斯電影，和現實生活中一樣，無論是農村還是城鎮，傳統的俄羅斯民房都是用木頭搭建的，幾代人住在一個房子里，雖然時有爭吵，但還是相處得很融洽，有家庭成員外出或外出回來時總是和其他家庭成員一一擁抱、親吻面頰。這樣一種儀式、禮節最后成為一種習俗。有一句諺語：“擁抱讓人快樂、使人感到溫暖而且令人陶醉，這一定是我們長著雙臂的原因了。”

午餐時，我見到了尤利婭——漢語和英語的老師，去年她送我從共青城返回比羅比詹（中國大巴回國的起點），乘14個小時的火車才到達，安排好我的住宿后又乘14個小時的火車返回共青城，這讓我感動。當時她新婚不久，丈夫送她到共青城火車站的時候，我們見過面，他憨厚、樸實。在旅途中，尤利婭經常接到丈夫的短信，她還用漢語自言自語地說出聲來，她丈夫有點惦記，因為這是她第一次在國內出遠門。尤利婭對我說她丈夫看上去要比實際年齡大，但人很好，這幾天準備應聘一個工作崗位。了解了這些情況后，我的心里隱隱地有一點歉意。火車在哈巴羅夫斯克停留兩個小時，我們下了火車，到車站附近的超市買“早餐”，我買了德芙巧克力給她，還有一盒煙給她丈夫（她說她丈夫不喜歡喝酒，但抽煙），我想這個時候的小禮品表達了一種心情和友好吧。

去年暑期，我通過中國留學生捎給她一本《文化交流》雜志，那篇文章里刊出了尤利婭的一張照片。在給我的信中她說這是她收到的最好的禮物，也是她的照片第一次上雜志，這是一本發行150多個國家和地區的中英文編排的雙語雜志。她是在職讀漢語的研究生，我說你可以寫點反映家鄉共青城的文章，我聯系投稿給中國的雜志，這會是你學習漢語的最好的成果。她表示再次見到我非常高興，只是我停留的時間太短了，也希望自己能寫點文章，在中國的雜志《文化交流》上發表。

我從她的身上看到了俄羅斯不同的文化，她的陽光，她的優雅的氣質，她對朋友和家庭的友善與負責，她上課時對中國學生認真和嚴格的要求（我們的留學生說的），都讓我很珍視與她的友誼。

送留學生的工作非常順利，阿穆爾國立人文師范大學外事處的娜斯嘉到比羅比詹去接我們，學校安排學生及家長參觀校史館、圖書館、籃球館、拳擊館、音樂廳、留學生教室、對外俄語教研室等教學、學習場所及其他輔助設施，在參觀留學生公寓的公共廚房時，娜斯嘉說：“中國的學生來這里最后得到兩個證，一個是畢業證，一個是廚師證。”學生家長感觸很深，說學校安靜、整潔、文明，是學習的好地方。孩子第一次遠離父母，在家里什么都是現成的，她們也曾為孩子什么時候能長大與獨立而犯愁，這兒要自己買菜做飯，覺得這是非常難得的鍛煉機會，孩子在這里她們非常放心。

每個人都是文化

交流的使者

娜斯嘉陪同我、學生家長、留學生在參觀學生活動室的過程中碰到了主管學生活動的副校長，她說：“我們的孩子也在國外留學，我們也希望他們得到好的教育和幫助，所以我們會像對自己的孩子一樣對待你們的孩子。”這是外事處的娜斯嘉翻譯的，話說得多么簡單而富有邏輯，人同此心。兩個中國女家長也很感動，她們說得也很得體：“我們都是母親！”這是不同文化對待教育以同樣的重視，母親對待孩子以同樣的愛和牽掛。發自心底的聲音遠勝過有準備的外交辭令，民間的交往更真實地推動雙方的理解與友誼。

在不同文化的溝通中，每個人不僅代表他（她）自己，還傳遞和反映著自己所在國家的形象，每個人都是文化交流的使者。

對方院校的校長舒梅克·亞歷山大和負責科研的副校長接見了我。我首先表示非常榮幸見到校長，我說：“剛才外事處的娜斯嘉帶我們參觀了很多地方，負責留學生教學工作的伊莉娜主任很有管理方法，也很幽默，我們的學生家長對這里的一切非常滿意、放心。我是第二次來共青城，給我的印象是俄羅斯的男生很英俊，女生很漂亮！”一聽我這樣說，亞歷山大校長笑了，這位高等教育學的博士說：“中國學生中有特長的學生不少，有一個學生在遠東地區外國留學生音樂大賽中獲得很好的名次，我們喜歡學生各方面都發展。”共青城國立人文師范大學與中國多所高校都建立了友好的校際聯系，并都有相應學校中國學生短期交流，但亞歷山大校長強調我們佳木斯大學是與之最早建立聯系的院校。在談及《遠東和貝加爾湖地區2020——2025年振興戰略》時，我說兩所學校可在中俄聯合開發遠東及中俄國際關系方面進行科研合作，這一點在雙方的校長會晤時一定會有實質性的進展和有意義的收獲。對方負責科技的副校長提議我們可以舉辦每年一次的國際論壇，分別由兩所學校隔年承辦。

會見結束后我和亞歷山大校長握手道別，他說自己要學漢語，因為有孔子學院了；我對他說自己想學俄語，以便更好地交流，讓我們首先建立英文的通訊聯系，互相幫助學習對方的語言。

在離開共青城的前一天晚上，我們的留學生還給我們做了紅燒肉和蒜苔炒肉、雞蛋湯等，手藝不錯。而孔子學院的中文老師孫博士的比薩做得很好，我當時開玩笑說：“孫博士不研究漢語言文學，開始研究俄羅斯烹飪了。”她說工作之余看看俄式西餐的菜譜，學著去做，也是學習和溫習一下俄羅斯文化吧。在與俄羅斯遠東友好院校的交往中，我覺得建立個人間的友誼與信任很重要。

有一種跨越文化的無障礙的溝通叫做真誠和善意，在這種溝通中便有了文化的交流與借鑒。遠東是俄羅斯在亞洲的部分，同歐洲的地區或中國相比，它市場化的程度并不充分，保持著俄羅斯古樸的民風和許多我們曾經留戀的很多美好的東西。這個時候，我發現自己喜歡俄羅斯遠東的原因了：那里有我們可學習的文化，那里有我喜歡的朋友。

（作者系佳木斯大學國際學院副院長）□

I Bring Cultural Dialogue to Russian Far East

By Zheng Lixin

March 22， 2011 saw me set foot on the Russian Far East again. The bus strolled across the vast flatland with towering silver birch forests and snow-covered mountains in the background.

This time last year I escorted a group of Chinese students on their journey to the Amur State University of Humanities and Pedagogy in Komsomolsk-on-Amur in the Russian Far East. I remember vividly how I was bubbling with excitement for my first visit to Russia and how we were cordially and thoughtfully received. Nastya， a Russian girl who served as my interpreter during my first visit， started her postgraduate study on comparative Chinese literature at Dalian Foreign Languages College in China in September， 2010. I ran into her at the college after I came back from Beijing on business and stopped over at Dalian. We were surprised to see each other on the campus. I happened to have a copy of the July 2010 issue in which my account of my first was printed and gave it to her. A brilliant student， she was preparing for the top level HSK (Chinese Proficiency Test). She was very happy to see me.

Lisa was a chef I met when I was having my first breakfast at the Russian Far East in 2010. After a year of not seeing each other， we were happy to have a hug in celebration of the reunion. She is older than I am. She gave me two boxes of chocolate for my son. In my eyes， she is a perfect prototype of Russian mothers: warm-hearted， kind， and magnanimous.

At lunch I saw Julia， a teacher of Chinese and English. Last year， she escorted me on my 14-hour train journey from Komsomolsk to Birobidzhan where I was to take a bus ride back to China. Upon the arrival at Birobidzhan， she made arrangements for me to check in a hotel. Then she took the 14-hour back journey to Komsomolsk. At that time， she had just got married. Her husband brought her to the railway station at Komsomolsk and we met briefly， a man of honesty. Her husband was preparing for a job interview. I felt regretted seeing her leaving her husband. During the two-hour stopover at Khabarovsk， I bought chocolate and cigarettes for her husband.

Last summer vacation， I sent a copy of July 2010 issue of Cultural Dialogue to Julia via a Chinese student. Shortly afterwards， she wrote me a letter saying that it was the first time that her picture had ever appeared in a magazine. She was studying a postgraduate Chinese course at that time. I suggested that if she would write a piece on her hometown Komsomolsk I would be very glad to recommend it to some Chinese magazines.

Julia was very happy to see me again but she was sorry that I would stay there for a very short time. She hoped to write a story for Cultural Dialogue.

My escorting the Chinese students to the Amur State University of Humanities and Pedagogy in Komsomolsk-on-Amur was completed with ease. Nastya， a girl from the foreign affair office of the university， had come all the way to meet us at Birobidzhan and took us to the university. On the campus， she took us around and showed all the facilities to Chinese students. When we visited the public kitchen at the student dormitory， Nastya commented that the Chinese students would have two licenses at the end of their study at the university: graduation diploma and chef license. The Chinese parents like the cooking project because they believe cooking give their children an opportunity to learn how to take care of themselves.

During our campus tour， we met with a vice chancellor of the university in charge of student affairs. She said as they had children studying abroad， they hoped they would treat Chinese students on the campus as their own children.

Then I met with chancellor of the university Alexander and a vice chancellor in charge of scientific research. I said that I was honored to meet with the chancellor and the vice chancellor， that parents who came with the students were satisfied with everything they saw， and that it was my second visit to Komsomolsk and that I found girls were pretty and boys were handsome. Chancellor Alexander laughed. He remarked that many of Chinese students at the Amur State University of Humanities and Pedagogy in Komsomolsk-on-Amur had specialties. One of the Chinese students had just won a prize in a music competition for foreign students in the Russian Far East.

The Amur State University of Humanities and Pedagogy in Komsomolsk-on-Amur has friendly relations with a number of Chinese universities and colleges， and many send their students there for short-term studies， but， as pointed out by Chancellor Alexander， Jiamusi University first set up the cooperative relations with Amur State University of Humanities and Pedagogy in Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

We then talked about cooperative projects the two higher education institutes could jointly develop in the future， as geared to the development strategy for 2020-2025 in Far East and Lake Baikal.

In the last evening in Komsomolsk， I had special dishes prepared by our Chinese students. Dr. Sun， a teacher of Chinese now working at a Confucius Institute in Far East， prepared a pizza.

I feel that individual friendship and trust play a key part in the friendly and cooperative exchanges between universities in China and the Russian Far East. Unlike China or European part of Russia， the Russian Far East retains a lifestyle and many beautiful elements that we appreciate. With this understanding， I find why I like the Russian Far East so much: it offers a culture that we Chinese can learn and it is home to many of my friends. □