筆墨留香懷華老

時(shí)間抹得去傷痛，卻抹不去記憶。

一年前的6月13日，北京那場(chǎng)淅淅瀝瀝的雨帶走了一位大師，也從此牽起了我們永久的思念。他，就是華君武，我國(guó)著名的漫畫大師、社會(huì)活動(dòng)家。去年此時(shí)，我們懷著悲痛的心情北上吊唁，代表浙江日?qǐng)?bào)報(bào)業(yè)集團(tuán)黨委，在華老的靈堂前敬獻(xiàn)了鮮花。如今轉(zhuǎn)眼一年，敬重的華老在我心中卻依然宛在，還記得他雖年已耄耋，但儀態(tài)雍容，精神矍鑠，那一幕幕生動(dòng)的畫面仿佛就在昨天。翻開(kāi)華老與我多年交往的書信，拿出他贈(zèng)予我的畫作，攤開(kāi)一起合影的照片，歲月滄桑，溫馨的記憶在我心頭一一浮現(xiàn)……

華老祖籍江蘇無(wú)錫，1915年4月24日生于杭州。他對(duì)自己的故鄉(xiāng)懷有深深的眷戀，尤其是在晚年，深厚情緣更是融注在一幅幅為家鄉(xiāng)媒體創(chuàng)作的漫畫里。我第一次見(jiàn)到華老是1994年10月份，當(dāng)時(shí)我擔(dān)任浙江日?qǐng)?bào)總編辦接待科科長(zhǎng)，全程陪同前來(lái)杭州的華老。原以為大師會(huì)有架子、很難相處，所以見(jiàn)面前還心有忐忑，但是一見(jiàn)面，發(fā)現(xiàn)全無(wú)必要。華老親切隨和，說(shuō)話幽默，只要他在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)氣氛一定很好。17歲就離開(kāi)杭州的華老心心念念想著臭豆腐、霉莧菜梗，還有寧波咸魚(yú)鲞。回來(lái)的當(dāng)天傍晚，浙報(bào)的小車班司機(jī)帶著他在街上到處找臭豆腐，最后晚上六點(diǎn)多在武林門的一家小店里解了饞。這些重溫的兒時(shí)生活滋味讓華老身在遠(yuǎn)方卻心系故鄉(xiāng)，只要有機(jī)會(huì)，他就會(huì)來(lái)杭州走走看看，先后在《浙江日?qǐng)?bào)》《錢江晚報(bào)》《美術(shù)報(bào)》《錢塘周末》發(fā)表了300多幅漫畫作品。1999年5月9日是《浙江日?qǐng)?bào)》50華誕，華老在浙江展覽館特別舉辦“華君武百幅漫畫展”，為此祝賀；2006年，《錢江晚報(bào)》創(chuàng)刊20周年，已91歲高齡的華老又為《錢江晚報(bào)》寫下了“我和錢江晚報(bào)結(jié)緣20年。錢江晚報(bào)20歲。祝賀她長(zhǎng)命百歲、越辦越好”的題詞，這也是華老最后一次為《錢江晚報(bào)》題字。

得故鄉(xiāng)湖山靈氣，出漫畫創(chuàng)作精品。從15歲在當(dāng)時(shí)的《浙江日?qǐng)?bào)》上發(fā)表第一幅漫畫《江南》開(kāi)始，華老一生浸淫其間，殫精竭慮，留下了40多部畫冊(cè)與文集，像一道彩虹，絢麗多姿，高接云天；又是一種精神，特立獨(dú)行，幽默深邃。人們懷念他，由衷地發(fā)出敬意，從其畫品、藝品到通達(dá)坦蕩的人品。華老是延安時(shí)期老一輩革命藝術(shù)家，1938年到延安。初在陜北公學(xué)，后到魯迅藝術(shù)文學(xué)院任研究員和教員，親身聆聽(tīng)毛主席在延安文藝座談會(huì)上的講話。在延安期間，毛主席還觀看了蔡若虹、張諤和華君武三個(gè)人舉辦的諷刺漫畫展，當(dāng)華君武請(qǐng)毛主席提出批評(píng)時(shí)，毛主席說(shuō)：“漫畫要民族化、大眾化，漫畫要發(fā)展的。”這一講話指明了漫畫作品的創(chuàng)作方向，對(duì)華君武的創(chuàng)作起到了積極推動(dòng)作用。他以漫畫作為戰(zhàn)斗武器，在各個(gè)不同歷史時(shí)期，畫出了緊扣時(shí)代脈搏的好作品，無(wú)論在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)年代還是和平建設(shè)時(shí)期都起到不可估量的作用。

華老曾明確說(shuō)：“現(xiàn)代中國(guó)漫畫之發(fā)展，報(bào)紙功不可沒(méi)，漫畫靠報(bào)紙發(fā)表走入社會(huì)，報(bào)紙培養(yǎng)了不少漫畫家。”這是經(jīng)驗(yàn)之談。他的漫畫，自上世紀(jì)40年代起，在中華民族中成為了一種難得的“全民閱讀”對(duì)象。稍有報(bào)章閱讀能力的人，無(wú)不知曉其名其畫。1945年抗戰(zhàn)結(jié)束日本投降后，黨組織調(diào)他到了東北，為了揭露蔣介石假和談、真?zhèn)鋺?zhàn)的嘴臉，這一時(shí)期他創(chuàng)作了《磨好刀再殺》《榜樣》《運(yùn)輸隊(duì)》等一批代表性諷刺漫畫作品，極大地鼓舞了解放區(qū)和統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)區(qū)廣大軍民的斗志，而國(guó)民黨情報(bào)特務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)懸賞捉拿、暗殺華君武；1961年，北京某大學(xué)批評(píng)詩(shī)圣杜甫長(zhǎng)詩(shī)《兵車行》是和平主義思想，華老針對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象創(chuàng)作了《杜甫檢討》漫畫作品予以諷刺，刊在《光明日?qǐng)?bào)》上，周總理看了哈哈大笑；1962年10月，針對(duì)社會(huì)上少做事少犯錯(cuò)誤的傾向，他創(chuàng)作了《永不走路、永不摔跤、永處襁褓》的諷刺漫畫，刊登在《光明日?qǐng)?bào)》上。這幅漫畫毛主席看到后寫了“有了錯(cuò)誤、改了就好”八個(gè)大字，作為副件材料發(fā)給正在北京參加中央工作會(huì)議的代表。

“愛(ài)人者，人恒愛(ài)之；敬人者，人恒敬之。”華君武說(shuō)，他從不見(jiàn)異思遷，也不怕自己挫敗，之所以這樣，是因?yàn)樗麗?ài)漫畫，愛(ài)這個(gè)國(guó)家，愛(ài)這個(gè)國(guó)家的人民。而故鄉(xiāng)人民同樣熱愛(ài)這位漫畫大師，讓華老真的在杭城留下點(diǎn)什么。在浙報(bào)老同志的建議下，杭州市政府選址三處，最后在西湖邊的唐云藝術(shù)館邊上豎起一堵“華君武漫畫紀(jì)念墻”，以這樣的方式來(lái)紀(jì)念這位杰出的漫畫家。

對(duì)于失去這樣一位大師，杭城人民都感到萬(wàn)分遺憾，然而在悲痛之余，我有幸與華老見(jiàn)上最后一面，并與其兒子華端端、華方方一同護(hù)衛(wèi)華老靈車前往八寶山殯儀館，將其安置在華老生前親自選好的雙墓穴中，與先逝的老伴宋琦一起長(zhǎng)眠。遵從他的遺愿，喪事一切從簡(jiǎn)，華老清雅恬靜、淡泊名利的風(fēng)范無(wú)論身前還是身后，都熠熠生輝，已經(jīng)成為也終將繼續(xù)成為我們后生學(xué)習(xí)的楷模。他卓著的創(chuàng)作成果、崇高的藝術(shù)追求、高尚的精神境界，也將隨著他留下來(lái)的珍貴藝術(shù)作品和精神財(cái)富而流芳百世！□

In Remembrance of Master Hua Junwu

By Cao Dachun

Hua Junwu (1915-2010)， a prominent cartoon master and high-profile social activist， passed away on June 13， 2010， a rainy day in Beijing. On the behalf of the Zhejiang Daily Group， a group of us went to Beijing to express our condolence and presented flowers respectfully at his memorial service. With the two sons of Hua Junwu， I escorted the hearse all the way to Babaoshan Cemetery in Beijing， where the master’s ash box was placed side by side with that of his wife’s.

A year has flown away and I still see him vividly in my mind’s eye. My memory of the master， accumulated over years， flashes as if everything were yesterday. In my private collection are his letters to me over years， his gift paintings， and photos in which we appear together.

Born in Hangzhou on April 24， 1915， Hua Junwu showed a strong passion for his hometown in his evening years. I first met him in October 1994 when I was in charge of reception at the office of the editor-in-chief of Zhejiang Daily. I was with him all the time during his visit to the hometown. My previous worry that he might act with the air of a master vanished as the first sight of the amiable old man. A man of humor， he oozed with a lovely sense of congeniality and laughter whereas he was.

He had left Hangzhou at 17. When he came back to his hometown， he let us know his nostalgic yearning for local food such as stinky tofu and salted fish. In the first afternoon in Hangzhou， we drove around the city looking for a street vendor or a restaurant selling stinky tofu. Around six o’clock we finally found a small restaurant at Wulin Gate where the master eagerly satisfied himself with the repulsively redolent delicacy of his childhood years.

In his last years， the master published altogether a total of more than 300 cartoons in Zhejiang Daily， Qianjiang Evening News， Fine Arts， and Qiantang Weekend. On May 9， 1999， he held a solo exhibition of 100 cartoons at Zhejiang Exhibition Center in celebration of the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Zhejiang Daily. In 2006 when Qianjiang Evening News marked its 20th anniversary， the 91-year-old Hua wrote a 24-character inscription for the publication. It was the last time the master wrote something for the popular newspaper.

Hua was an inspired cartoonist with a long and productive career. His first cartoon appeared in Zhejiang Daily when he was only 15. During his long career， he created a large quantity of satire in the form of cartoon. He played a positive role in the national politics and was highly appreciated by state leaders. His sharp graphic criticism was a national phenomenon from the 1940s onward. He published forty some collections of cartoons and essays.

The people in Hangzhou loved Hua. The city government offered three sites to establish a memorial for the master. Today， the memorial wall in honor of the master stands near Tang Yun Art Museum on the West Lake. □