一、高考基礎寫作命題解讀
1. 近5年基礎寫作命題總結。
2、命題規律。
從以上表格的總結可看出2007-2011年,這五年的體裁都選擇了應用文和說明文這兩種體裁,可見說明文和應用文是近年高考的寵兒。筆者認為這兩種文體深受命題者的青睞是有一定道理的。說明文有著條理清晰,層次分明的特點,而應用文則符合了語言作為交際載體的要求。在筆者看來這兩類文體與其他文體相比較,更容易讓考生能夠客觀、準確且連貫地組織語言,表達意思。
此外,筆者認為未來的高考有可能從書信、郵件、表格等形式上命題,因此考生千萬不可忽視。在基礎寫作中,連續四年選用中文提綱的命題方式,這使得寫作要點條理化、程序化,這也為考生統籌安排文章的布局提供了便利。除了2007年外(寫作內容的第5點要求闡述自己的偶像及理由),2008-2011年,都沒有設置開放性的要點,這就使得考生必須認真審題,不可隨意發表個人意見或觀點。
3. 命題趨勢與預測。
2007—2011年廣東高考基礎寫作一直堅持貼近考生現實生活和考生的實際情況的原則,并逐步趨向社會熱點問題。且社會熱點問題都是考生較為熟悉的話題,不會偏,都是考生只要讀懂題目所給的信息,根據中文提示就可以完成的文章。在堅持與考生現實生活和實際情況有關的原則下,2012年的基礎寫作中,命題可能涉及的主題有很多,如:
(1)在生活中節省開支;
(2)暑假計劃的調查;
(3)中國衛生部門禁止地溝油的使用;
(4)如何保障校園安全;
(5)節約用電,從我做起;
(6)關愛生命;
(7)良好的飲食習慣;
(8)回收高三二手書,提倡節約;
(9)中學生的健康成長;
(10)交通安全;
(11)網絡安全;
(12)信息就是力量;
(13)公共場所的“霸位”現象;
(14)噪音污染;
(15)簡要介紹人的壽命越來越長的原因;
(16)政府投入大量資金改善公共交通;
(17)禮貌用語的神奇力量;
(18)學生興趣愛好的調查;
(19)建設文明校園;
(20)快樂的秘訣就是:記住美好的時光;
(21)對大學的選擇情況;
(22)專家呼吁限制垃圾食品廣告;
(23)高中生夢想的調查。
二、高考基礎寫作范文解讀
通過研究近五年多種版本的高考基礎寫作的范文,筆者得出以下幾點結論,希望引起廣大考生的注意:
1. 五年的基礎寫作范文中都使用了非謂語形式。
(1)A book entitled Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother by Amy Chua was published in 2010. (2011年)
(2)The main aim is to make every public room have no smoke by posting the sign of preventing smoking. (2010年)
(3)According to Professor Wang, slightly more than half of the school children in our country are short-sighted, ranking the first in the world.(2009年)
(4)Shooting, originated as a means of survival, developed into a sport only in the late 19th century.(2008年)
(5)However, the percentage of boys choosing “great figures” is the same as that of the girls.(2007年)
2. 五年中有四年的基礎寫作范文中都用到的時態有一般過去時與一般現在時,因此考生在復習時務必要掌握并能熟練使用基本時態,并且特別注意一般現在時的第三人稱單數形式。
一般過去時:
(1) Unexpectedly, the majority of mothers in China disagree with the author though her 17-year-old elder daughter was lately reported to have got offers from both Harvard and Yale.(2011年)
(2)He particularly reminded us that how to hold a pen is also related to short-sightedness.(2009年)
(3)The sport returned to the Olympics in 1932. (2008年)
(4) Last week, we did a survey among 2,600 students on “ Who Is Your Idol”. (2007年)
一般現在時:
(1)Its author is Amy Chua, a Chinese American and professor at Yale, who tells stories in her book about how she educated her two daughters in the traditional Chinese way of educating is better than the American way.(2011年)
(2) More than 100 thousand people per year die because of the second smoke.(2010年)
(3)What’s more, since the holding of pen has something to do with the short-sightedness, we need to pay attention to using the pen.(2009年)
(4) As for myself, Thomas Edison is my idol because his inventions have greatly changed our life. (2007年)
3. 五年中有四年的基礎寫作范文中都使用了定語從句。
(1)Its author is Amy Chua, a Chinese American and professor at Yale, who tells stories in her book about how she educated her two daughters in the traditional Chinese way of educating is better than the American way. (2011年)
(2)There are 350 million people smoking recently, in which the male hold 75 percent and the female hold 25 percent. (2010年)
(3)It is said that slightly more than 50% students, which ranks the first in the world, are short-sighted.(2009年)
(4)As the data shows, “parents”ranks the second for the girls, but the fourth for the boys. (2007年)
4. 五年中有三年的基礎寫作范文中都使用了賓語從句。
(1)A recent report says that Amy’s elder daughter, 17, has been accepted by both Harvard and Yale.(2011年)
(2)He also pointed out that the causes of short-sightedness are so complicated that no medicine can cure short-sightedness. (2009年)
(3) The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols, while 48% of the boys favor sports stars.(2007年)
5. 五年中有三年的基礎寫作范文中都使用了被動語態。
(1) It is reported that the Chinese version of the book began to sell in China early 2011. (2011年)
(2) Because of these smokers, about 540 million non-smokers are influenced. (2010年)
(3) Women were first allowed to compete in the Olympic shooting in 1968. (2008年)
6. 五年中有兩年的基礎寫作范文中都使用了同位語。
(1) It tells how the author, a Chinese American and professor at Yale University, educated her two daughters in the traditional Chinese way. (2011年)
(2) Last week, I had an interview with Professor Wang, an eye-doctor, concerning the issue of short-sightedness of school children in China. (2009年)
(作者單位:深圳市新安中學)
責任編校 蔣小青
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